| 单词 | rna |
| 释义 | DEFINITIVE EXAMPLES 权威例句〔GTP〕A nucleotide composed of guanine, ribose, and three phosphate groups and necessary for the synthesis of RNA.三磷酸鸟苷：由鸟嘌呤、核酸和三组磷酸盐组成的核苷核酸，为合成核糖核酸的必备成分美国传统〔RNA polymerase〕A polymerase that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA or RNA template.核糖核酸聚合酶：一种聚合酶，对核糖核酸从氧核糖酸或核糖核酸膜板合成起催化作用美国传统〔base-pairing〕The hydrogen bonding of complementary nitrogenous bases, one purine and one pyrimidine, in DNA and in hybrid molecules joining DNA and RNA.碱基配对：结合两个补充氮基（嘌呤和嘧啶）的氢键，这两个补充氮基存在于脱氧核糖核酸以及连接脱氧核糖核酸与核糖核酸的混合分子中美国传统〔base〕One of the purines (adenine and guanine) or pyrimidines (cystosine, thymine, and uracil) that occurs attached to the sugar component of DNA or RNA.碱基：嘌呤（腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤）或嘧啶（胸嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶）的一种，附着在脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核酸的糖分子上美国传统〔complementary DNA〕Single-stranded DNA synthesized in the laboratory using messenger RNA as a template and the enzyme reverse transcriptase.互辅DNA，互补脱氧核糖核酸：将信使核糖核酸用作模板和反转录酶从而在实验室中合成的单链脱氧核糖核酸美国传统〔complementary〕Biochemistry Of or relating to the specific pairing of the purines and pyrimidines between strands of a DNA or an RNA molecule.【生物化学】 互补的：指DNA或RNA分子链之间特定的嘌呤和嘧啶碱基对的互补美国传统〔endonuclease〕Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of bonds between nucleic acids in the interior of a DNA or an RNA sequence.核酸内切酶：在DNA或RNA系列内部催化核酸键解的任何酶群美国传统〔exonuclease〕Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of single nucleotides from the end of a DNA or RNA chain.核酸外切酶：从脱氧核糖核酸链或核糖核酸链的末端催化单核苷酸水解的一种酶美国传统〔exon〕A nucleotide sequence in DNA that carries the code for the final messenger RNA molecule and thus defines the amino acid sequence during protein synthesis.编码顺序：DNA中的核苷酸序列，为最终的信息传递者RNA分子携带编码并在蛋白质合成中确定氨基酸范围美国传统〔missense〕A section within a strand of messenger RNA containing a codon altered through mutation so that it codes for a different amino acid.错义：一个RNA螺旋体中包含的一个因突变而改变密码子的部分，它能编码成为另一种不同的氨基酸美国传统〔monosome〕A single ribosome, especially one that is combined with a molecule of messenger RNA.单核糖体：单核糖体，尤指与信使核糖核酸的一个分子相结合的单核糖体美国传统〔natural killer cell〕A killer cell that is activated by double-stranded RNA and fights off viral infections and tumors.自然杀手细胞：由双股核糖核酸激活的，击退传染性疾病和肿瘤的杀手细胞美国传统〔nucleic acid〕DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids.脱氧核糖核酸与核糖核酸均属于核酸。剑桥高阶〔nucleotide〕Any of various compounds consisting of a nucleoside combined with a phosphate group and forming the basic constituent of DNA and RNA.核苷酸：由与磷原子团结合并形成DNA和RNA的基本成分的核苷构成的化合物美国传统〔oncornavirus〕Any of a group of viruses that contain single-stranded RNA and produce tumors in birds and mammals.致肿瘤RNA病毒：一种包含着单一成分的RNA并在鸟和哺乳动物中产生肿瘤的病毒美国传统〔poly I:C〕A synthetic chemical that resembles the RNA of infectious viruses and is used to stimulate the production of interferon by the immune system.聚肌胞；聚肌鞋酸聚胞苷酸：一种类似于感染性病毒的核糖核酸的合成化学物质，被用来刺激免疫系统产生的干扰素美国传统〔polyadenylic acid〕A polymer of adenylic acid attached to messenger RNA that stabilizes the molecule before transport from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.多聚腺苷酸：一种腺苷酸的聚合物，附在信使核糖核酸上，它能使分子在从细胞核传递到细胞质之前得到稳定美国传统〔polymerase〕Any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation of polynucleotides of DNA or RNA using an existing strand of DNA or RNA as a template.聚合酶：一种催化脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核酸的多聚核苷酸生成的酶，它利用一段既成的脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核酸作为核酸的模子美国传统〔promoter〕Genetics A DNA molecule to which RNA polymerase binds, initiating the transcription of messenger RNA.【遗传学】 启动区：和核糖核酸聚合酶相结合的脱氧糖核酸分子，它引起核糖核酸信使的转录美国传统〔puff〕Genetics A localized region of swelling in certain chromosomes indicating the active synthesis of DNA and RNA.【遗传学】 染色体的结合部分：某些染色体上表明脱氧核糖核酸和核糖核酸活性成分的局部肿胀美国传统〔pyronine〕Any of a group of red dyes used as a biological stain, especially to detect the presence of RNA.焦宁；二苯氧芑胶染料：用作生物染色剂的一组红色染料中的任一种，尤指用来探测核糖核酸的存在美国传统〔replicase〕An enzyme that promotes the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule from an RNA template.复制酶：一种促成按某个核糖酸的模板合成一个互补的核糖核酸分子的酶美国传统〔retrotransposon〕A transposon copied from RNA with the use of reverse transcriptase.反转位子：借着使用反转录酶而从核糖核酸复制出来的转位子美国传统〔retrovirus〕Any of a group of viruses, many of which produce tumors, that contain RNA and reverse transcriptase, including the virus that causes AIDS.逆转录酶病毒：一种病毒，大多数会产生含有核糖核酸和逆转录酶的肿瘤，包括引起爱滋病的病毒美国传统〔reverse transcriptase〕A polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA on an RNA template, found in oncogenic viruses containing RNA, especially the retroviruses.逆转录酶：一种催化RNA模板上的DNA形成的聚合酶，在包含RNA的致瘤病毒中发现，尤其在逆转录酶病毒中发现美国传统〔ribonucleoprotein〕A nucleoprotein that contains RNA.核糖核酸：一种包含RNA的核糖核蛋白美国传统〔ribonucleotide〕A nucleotide that contains ribose as its sugar and is an immediate component of RNA.核糖核酸：一种包含核糖作为其糖分的核苷酸，且是RNA的一种直接成分美国传统〔ribosomal RNA〕The RNA that is a permanent structural part of a ribosome.核糖体RNA：是核糖体的永久结构部分的RNA美国传统〔ribosome〕A minute, round particle composed of RNA and protein found in the cytoplasm of living cells and active in the synthesis of proteins.核糖体：一种微小圆形的由RNA及蛋白质构成的微粒，发现于活细胞的细胞质中，且活跃于蛋白质的合成中美国传统〔ribozyme〕An RNA segment that has the ability to catalyze the cleavage and formation of covalent bonds in RNA strands at specific sites.核糖核酸酶：能够在特定位置催化核糖核酸链中共价键分裂和形成的核糖核酸片段美国传统〔rifampin〕A semisynthetic antibiotic derived from a form of rifamycin that interferes with the synthesis of RNA and is used to treat bacterial and viral diseases.利福平：一种半合成抗生素，从参与核醣核酸合成的利福霉素的一种形态中提取，用于治疗细菌性和病毒性疾病美国传统〔sigma factor〕A protein component of RNA polymerase that determines the specific site on DNA where transcription begins.Σ因子：核糖核酸聚合酶的蛋白质成份，决定脱氧核糖核酸转录开始的特定位置美国传统〔soluble RNA〕Transfer RNA.转移核糖核酸美国传统〔spliceosome〕A nucleoprotein particle that aids in the splicing of messenger RNA in eukaryotes.剪接体，剪裁体：协助真核细胞中信使核糖核酸进行拼接的核蛋白质微粒美国传统〔template〕Biochemistry A molecule of a nucleic acid, such as DNA, that serves as a pattern or mold for the synthesis of a macromolecule, as of RNA.【生物化学】 模板：用作一个大分子如RNA分析的模板或模型的核糖核酸的基础粒子，如DNA美国传统〔transcriptase〕A polymerase that catalyzes the formation of RNA from a DNA template in the process of transcription.转录酶：一种在转录过程中催化DNA模板形成RNA的聚合酶美国传统〔transcript〕Biology A sequence of RNA produced by transcription.【生物学】 转录：一个经转录合成的RNA的序列美国传统〔translation〕Biology The process by which messenger RNA directs the amino acid sequence of a growing polypeptide during protein synthesis.【生物学】 转录：核糖核酸信号在蛋白质化合中引导一个正在生成的多肽氨基酸序列的过程美国传统〔triplet〕Genetics A unit of three successive nucleotides in a molecule of DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid; a codon or anticodon.【遗传学】 密码子，三联密码：一个把一种专门的氨基酸，密码子或反密码子译成密码的DNA或RNA的分子中三个相接连的核苷酸的一个联合体美国传统〔virion〕A complete viral particle, consisting of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein shell and constituting the infective form of a virus.病毒粒子：一整个病毒粒子，由被蛋白质外壳包围的核糖核酸或脱氧核糖核酸组成，并构成一个病毒的传染形式美国传统〔viroid〕An infectious particle, similar to but smaller than a virus, that consists solely of a strand of RNA and is capable of causing disease in plants.类病毒：一种传染性微粒，与病毒相象但比病毒小，由核糖核酸单链构成，能在植物中引起疾病美国传统DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids.脱氧核糖核酸与核糖核酸都是核酸。剑桥国际DNA and RNA are both types of nucleic acid.脱氧核糖核酸与核糖核酸是两种类型的核酸。剑桥国际 |
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