请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 engaged
释义 DEFINITIVE EXAMPLES 权威例句〔ENERGETIC〕Peter was engaged in an animated conversation at the bar. 彼得在酒吧里和别人正谈得起劲。朗文写作活用〔FIND OUT〕A private investigator had been engaged to watch Mr Hart and report on his activities. 一名私家侦探受雇监视哈特先生并报告他的活动。朗文写作活用〔JOB〕Paul was engaged as a junior clerk at a very low wage. 保罗被雇用为初级文员,薪水微薄。朗文写作活用〔MARRY〕Todd and Ellen have been engaged for about 3 months now. 托德与埃伦订婚已经有三个月左右了。朗文写作活用〔MARRY〕You'll be glad to hear that Ralph and I, with my father's consent, are engaged to be married. 你听到这消息一定会很高兴:经我爸爸同意,我和拉尔夫订婚了。朗文写作活用〔One thing led to another〕Cathy and I hit it off on our first date. One thing led to another, and pretty soon we were engaged.我和凯茜第一次约会就很投缘。一来二去,我们很快就订婚了。韦氏高阶〔T-group〕A group engaged in sensitivity training in sessions with a trained leader.冲击集团:意在进行敏感性训练的有受过训练的领导者的团体美国传统〔TAKE PART/BE INVOLVED〕The Nationalists have been engaged in a bitter fifteen-year armed struggle for independence. 民族主义者为争取独立进行了15年艰苦的武装斗争。朗文写作活用〔TELEPHONE〕Janice's number is still engaged. She's been on the phone all morning. 贾尼丝的电话还是占线,她一个早上都在打电话。朗文写作活用〔TRICK/DECEIVE〕The company has engaged in deceitful practices for years. 这家公司从事欺诈活动已经有好多年了。朗文写作活用〔USE〕Every time I try to call her, the line's engaged. 我每次打电话给她都是忙音。朗文写作活用〔acquaintance〕I have a large circle of friends and acquaintances engaged in photography.我在摄影界交游甚广。柯林斯高阶〔activist〕Of, relating to, or engaged in activism.激进主义的:激进主义的,有关激进主义的或卷入到激进主义的美国传统〔activity〕They had engaged in sexual activity in the past three months.过去的 3 个月中他们有过性行为。牛津搭配〔anonymous〕According to one employee, who wishes to remain anonymous , the company engaged in illegal activities.根据一位不愿透露姓名的员工所述,这家公司曾从事非法活动。朗文当代〔artificial intelligence〕We have ten full-time faculty members engaged in research into artificial intelligence.我们有10位全职人员从事人工智能的研究。外研社新世纪〔baby sitter〕A person engaged to care for one or more children when the parents or guardians are not at home.临时保姆:当父母或监护人不在家时被雇用来照顾一个或更多孩子的人美国传统〔backslapping〕We had expected the candidates to criticize each other, but instead they engaged in mutual backslapping.我们原以为候选人会互相指责,但没想到他们却互相吹捧起来。韦氏高阶〔banker〕One engaged in cod fishing off Newfoundland.捕鳕鱼者,鳕渔船:纽芬兰沿海的从事捕鳕鱼的渔民或渔船美国传统〔belligerency〕The state of being at war or being engaged in a warlike conflict.交战:处于战争或有战争危险的冲突状态美国传统〔belligerent〕Of, pertaining to, or engaged in warfare.交战的:战争的、关于或陷入交战中的美国传统〔betrothed〕Engaged to be married.已订婚的美国传统〔bird〕A little bird told me that you've got engaged.有人告诉我说你订婚了。朗文当代〔blurred〕Commentators see increasingly blurred boundaries between firms engaged in such collaborative relations.评论员看到, 处于这种协作关系的各家公司之间的界限越来越模糊。外研社新世纪〔boffin〕A scientist, especially one engaged in research.科技人员:从事研究工作的科学家美国传统〔boxing〕The two candidates engaged in shadow-boxing before the election. () 选举前两位候选人预演与对手过招。牛津搭配〔brawly〕Engaged in brawling.吵架的:涉及吵架的美国传统〔bundle〕To sleep in the same bed while fully clothed, a custom formerly practiced by engaged couples in New England and in Wales.未婚男女和衣同睡:穿着所有的衣服睡在同一张床上,这原是英格兰和威尔士关于订婚夫妇的一种风俗美国传统〔busily〕He is busily engaged in writing his autobiography.他忙著写自传。文馨英汉〔cam〕An eccentric or multiply curved wheel mounted on a rotating shaft, used to produce variable or reciprocating motion in another engaged or contacted part.凸轮:安装于旋转轴上的偏心轮或复合曲线轮,用以使相连的或相接触的其它部件产生多变的或往复的运动美国传统〔carousel〕A tournament in which knights or horsemen engaged in various exercises and races.竞技比武大会:一种大型竞赛,武士或骑士参加各种比赛美国传统〔conduct〕The committee concluded that the senators had engaged in improper conduct.委员会断定参议员们从事了不正当的活动。牛津搭配〔contest〕Democrats and Republicans are engaged in a contest for control of the House of Representatives.民主党和共和党正在争夺众议院的控制权。韦氏高阶〔conversation〕We engaged in a long conversation.我们进行了一次长谈。牛津搭配〔couturier〕An establishment engaged in couture.女式时装店:从事女式服装业的企业美国传统〔curious〕The birds were engaged in some curious behavior.这些鸟表现出了某些奇特的行为模式。韦氏高阶〔day〕They were engaged to be married but they quarrelled so often that they decided to call it a day.他们本已订婚,但因为经常吵架,便决定中断关系。英汉大词典〔disputant〕One engaged in a dispute.争论者;辩论者:参与争论的人美国传统〔duel〕They engaged in a duel of wits.他们相互斗智。韦氏高阶〔engage at〕She was engaged at a salary of… a year .她以年薪…受聘。21世纪英汉〔engage in〕I have never engaged in the drug trade.我从未参与毒品交易。外研社新世纪〔engage with〕At present I'm engaged with the revision of my dictionary.目前我正忙于修订我那部词典。21世纪英汉〔engaged〕Engaged in conversation, they did not see me.他们正谈得来劲,没有看见我。英汉大词典〔engaged〕Debbie and Christa have just got engaged.戴比和克丽丝塔刚刚订婚。剑桥高阶〔engaged〕Have you heard? Sally and Ray are getting engaged .你听说了吗?萨莉和雷要订婚了。朗文当代〔engaged〕He had to wait because the toilet was engaged.他不得不等会儿, 因为厕所有人在用。外研社新世纪〔engaged〕He is actively engaged on several projects.他积极参与了几个项目。牛津搭配〔engaged〕He is now engaged on his second novel.他正埋头写他的第二部小说。牛津高阶〔engaged〕I was otherwise engaged that evening.那天晚上我另外有约 (或有事)。英汉大词典〔engaged〕I'm engaged for lunch, but I've plenty of time.我午餐已经有约,不过还是有许多时间的。英汉大词典〔engaged〕Kate's engaged to Mark.凯特和马克订婚了。朗文当代〔engaged〕Miss Peabody was engaged in typing the appropriate notes.皮博迪小姐正忙着输入恰当的注释。外研社新世纪〔engaged〕She is engaged to be married .她已经订婚了。朗文当代〔engaged〕She was engaged in conversation with a client.她当时正在和一个客户商谈。牛津搭配〔engaged〕She was engaged to be married.她已订婚。英汉大词典〔engaged〕Sorry! The line (或 The number) is engaged.对不起! 电话线占线 (有人在打)。英汉大词典〔engaged〕The engaged girl wore a diamond ring.那位已订婚的姑娘戴着钻戒。英汉大词典〔engaged〕The line is engaged.电话占线。柯林斯高阶〔engaged〕They are engaged in talks with the Irish government.他们正忙着与爱尔兰政府谈判。牛津高阶〔engaged〕They are engaged to be married(= to each other).他们已经订婚。牛津高阶〔engaged〕They found the three engaged in target practice.他们发现那3个人在练习打靶。柯林斯高阶〔engaged〕They found the three engaged in target practice.他们发现那三个人在练习打靶。外研社新世纪〔engaged〕They were engaged in conversation.他们正谈得来劲。牛津高阶〔engaged〕They were not officially engaged.他们没有正式订婚。外研社新世纪〔engaged〕They're engaged to be married in June.他们订了婚,将于6月完婚。剑桥高阶〔engaged〕We got engaged about this time last year.我们大约去年这个时候订的婚。麦克米伦高阶〔engaged〕We got engaged on my eighteenth birthday.在我18岁生日那天我们订婚了。柯林斯高阶〔engaged〕We need to become more engaged with our history as a nation.我们需要更加谨记我们的民族历史。牛津搭配〔engagement〕The act of engaging or the state of being engaged.约定,预定:订约的行为或已定约的状态美国传统〔engage〕As I released the clutch, the gears engaged.我一松开离合器,挡就挂上了。韦氏高阶〔engage〕As classes increased, tutors were engaged to help the busier professors.由于课时增加, 所以聘请了一些助教去帮助比较忙的教授。外研社新世纪〔engage〕At college he engaged in gymnastics.他在大学里参加体操活动。英汉大词典〔engage〕Despite her illness, she remains actively engaged in shaping policy.虽然她病了,但她还是积极参与政策的制定。朗文当代〔engage〕Enemy planes engaged the troops as they advanced into the mountains.部队进山的时候,敌机开始对他们发起攻击。剑桥高阶〔engage〕He engaged himself not to call on his father for help.他发誓不去请求父亲帮助。英汉大词典〔engage〕He engaged in a long-winded dispute.他参加了一场冗长的辩论。英汉大词典〔engage〕He engaged the clutch and drove away.他踩下离合器,开车走了。韦氏高阶〔engage〕He engaged to pay back the money.他答应一定还钱。英汉大词典〔engage〕He is currently engaged in a dispute with his former business partner.目前他正忙着解决和从前的生意合伙人之间的争端。麦克米伦高阶〔engage〕Her father engaged a tutor to improve her maths.她爸爸请了一位家庭教师给她补习数学。朗文当代〔engage〕It engaged all their strength to budge the stone.他们使出了全部力量来挪动那块石头。英汉大词典〔engage〕Mr Armstrong was engaged in prayer.阿姆斯特朗先生在祷告。朗文当代〔engage〕My brother and she are engaged.我兄弟和她订婚了。英汉大词典〔engage〕Our army engaged the enemy.我军与敌军交战。21世纪英汉〔engage〕Pat engaged her mother-in-law in conversation.帕特设法使她的婆婆参加谈话。英汉大词典〔engage〕She engaged herself to attend the meeting.她答应一定去参加会议。英汉大词典〔engage〕She engaged the clutch and the car moved.她踩下离合器,汽车便开动了。朗文当代〔engage〕The armies engaged at dawn.军队拂晓出击美国传统〔engage〕The debate about food safety has engaged the whole nation.关于食品安全的争论引起了全国关注。剑桥高阶〔engage〕The old lady engaged herself in making clothes for her neighbours' children.老太太忙着为邻居的孩子们做衣服。英汉大词典〔engage〕The puzzle engaged him all evening.他整个晚上都在对付那个难题。英汉大词典〔engage〕The spots of blood on the floor engaged the attention of the police.地板上的血迹引起了警察的注意。英汉大词典〔engage〕The two friends engaged in conversation.两位朋友进行了交谈。英汉大词典〔engage〕They engaged the enemy (in battle).他们与敌人交战。英汉大词典〔engage〕They were engaged last month.他们上个月订了婚。21世纪英汉〔engage〕We engaged the services of a recognised engineer.我们雇用了一个公认的杰出工程师。柯林斯高阶〔engage〕We engaged the services of an engineer.我们雇了一位工程师。外研社新世纪〔engage〕We have engaged the enemy.我们已经与敌人交战美国传统〔epic〕They were engaged in an epic struggle against poverty and ignorance.他们与贫穷和无知进行着长期而又艰苦的斗争。麦克米伦高阶〔every〕It engaged his every thought.那件事占据了他的全部思想。英汉大词典〔famous last words〕I told him categorically that we could never be anything more than friends. Famous last words! Within a few months we were engaged.我明确告诉他我们只可能做朋友。说得跟真的似的,可才过了几个月我们就订婚了!剑桥高阶〔field〕The members of a team engaged in active play.参加比赛的队的成员美国传统〔fighter〕Paramilitary fighters engaged the Marines in combat.准军事部队的指战员们和海军陆战队打了起来。外研社新世纪〔first〕Anne and Steve got engaged two years after they had first started going out.在第一次约会两年后,安妮和史蒂夫订婚了。柯林斯高阶〔first〕She engaged first gear and pulled off.她挂上一挡把车开到路边停下。牛津搭配〔flight〕Cockburn engaged in a flight of fancy, never once allowing facts to get in the way.科伯恩一直在想入非非,从不曾考虑现实状况。柯林斯高阶〔flight〕Cockburn engaged in a flight of fancy, never once allowing facts to get in the way.科伯恩一直想入非非, 从不曾考虑现实状况。外研社新世纪〔frantic〕Rescuers were engaged in a frantic all-night effort to reach the survivors before their supply of air ran out.救援人员整个晚上都在全力奋战,要在幸存者空气耗尽之前找到他们。剑桥高阶〔freedom fighter〕One engaged in armed rebellion or resistance against an oppressive government.自由战士:进行反抗或抵抗实行压迫统治的政府的人美国传统〔get〕I couldn't get through – the line was engaged.线路忙,我打不通电话。麦克米伦高阶〔go steady〕We went steady for over a year before we got engaged.我们稳定交往一年多以后才订婚。韦氏高阶〔housekeeper〕An employee of an establishment, such as a hospital, an inn, or a hotel, who manages other employees engaged in domestic tasks.领班:受雇于一机构,如医院、客栈或旅馆的,管理其他服务人员的人美国传统〔intrigue〕The prime minister engaged in political intrigues against the king.首相参与了反对国王的政治阴谋。牛津搭配〔irregularity〕At least 17 different irregular units are engaged in the war.至少有 17 个非正规军部队参战。柯林斯高阶〔irregular〕At least 17 different irregular units are engaged in the war.至少有17支不同的非正规军部队参加了这场战争。外研社新世纪〔life-and-death〕They were engaged in a life-and-death struggle.他们进行了一场生死攸关的斗争。韦氏高阶〔loop〕The teams involved are engaged in a tussle for third place in the loop.尚须继续竞赛的各队为争夺联赛第三名而拼搏。英汉大词典〔maleness〕The London City Ballet has engaged two male dancers from the Bolshoi.伦敦市芭蕾舞团从波修瓦芭蕾舞团聘来了两名男舞蹈演员。柯林斯高阶〔manufacture〕The company is engaged in the manufacture of computer hardware.这家公司生产计算机硬件。麦克米伦高阶〔meant〕The peculiar thing about getting engaged is that you're meant to announce it to everyone.订婚的特别之处在于,你就应该让人人知道你订婚了。柯林斯高阶〔mesh〕To cause (gear teeth) to become engaged.使(齿轮)相啮合美国传统〔missionary〕Engaged in the activities of a mission or missionary.传教活动的:参加布道或传教会的活动的美国传统〔moneymaking〕Engaged or successful in acquiring wealth.赚钱的或成功赚钱的美国传统〔name〕They're engaged, but they haven't yet named the day(= chosen the date for their wedding).他们订婚了,但还未确定结婚日期。牛津高阶〔narcokleptocracy〕A group of people within a country engaged with drug dealers in large-scale narcotics traffic, theft, corruption, and violence.贩毒集团:一国家从事大范围毒品交易、盗窃、贪污和暴力活动的团体美国传统〔nerve〕The company and the union are engaged in a war of nerves, with each side threatening the other.公司和工会在打心理战,互相进行威胁。韦氏高阶〔never-ending〕We are engaged in a never-ending struggle against poverty.我们在从事一场无休止的消除贫困的斗争。外研社新世纪〔novillada〕A bullfight in which the bulls engaged are less than four years old.轻型斗牛表演:公牛的年龄小于四岁的斗牛表演美国传统〔occupation〕An activity engaged in especially as a means of passing time; an avocation.副业:尤指以此来消耗时间的一项活动;兼差美国传统〔off-duty〕Not engaged in or responsible for assigned work.不在值班的:不在工作的或未负责指定的工作的美国传统〔operative〕Engaged in or concerned with physical or mechanical activity.与体能有关的,或机械活动有关的美国传统〔phone sex〕Sexually explicit talk engaged in by telephone, especially to enhance autoerotic pleasure.电话性爱,电爱:透过电话进行的性爱露骨交谈,尤指会促进自体性愉悦者美国传统〔phone〕His phone is almost permanently engaged.他的电话几乎总是占线。牛津搭配〔pinion〕A small cogwheel that engages or is engaged by a larger cogwheel or a rack.小齿轮,齿杆:啮合大齿轮或被大齿轮或齿条啮合的小齿轮美国传统〔play along with〕I engaged in his delusions and played along with the fantasy that he had.我响应了他的痴心妄想, 还附和他的怪念头。外研社新世纪〔plight〕To become engaged to marry.订婚美国传统〔pontonier〕One who is in charge of pontoons or is engaged in the construction of pontoon bridges.架桥的工程兵:掌管浮桥或架浮桥的士兵美国传统〔postgraduate〕One who is engaged in postgraduate study.研究生:大学毕业后继续深造的人美国传统〔power〕He was engaged in a bitter power struggle with the director (=a situation in which groups or leaders try to get control) .他和主管进行着一场激烈的权力斗争。朗文当代〔prenuptial agreement〕He asked her to sign a prenuptial agreement when they got engaged.他们订婚时他要求她签了一份婚前协议。剑桥高阶〔publisher〕One that is engaged in publishing printed material.出版人:从事印刷品出版的人美国传统〔recruit〕A newly engaged member of a military force, especially one of the lowest rank or grade.新兵:刚被征召入某军事力量的成员,尤指最低层或最下级的成员美国传统〔resident〕They engaged a resident tutor.他们聘用了一名住家的家庭教师。英汉大词典〔resistance〕Often Resistance An underground organization engaged in a struggle for national liberation in a country under military or totalitarian occupation. 常作 Resistance 抵抗组织:在军事或极权主义占领下的某个国家中为民族解放而斗争的地下组织美国传统〔reverse engineering〕The company for years engaged in the reverse engineering of semiconductors.多年来这家公司一直都在从事着半导体的反向工程。麦克米伦高阶〔revolutionist〕One who favors or is engaged in a revolution.革命者:赞成或参加革命的人美国传统〔roadie〕A person engaged to load, unload, and set up equipment and to perform errands for rock musicians on tour.巡回乐队管理员:巡回演出的摇滚乐队雇佣的装、卸和调试设备及替乐队跑腿的人美国传统〔roll ... up〕He has rolled up a huge fortune since he engaged in trade.他自从经商以来已积累了很大一笔财产。21世纪英汉〔sealer〕One that is engaged in the hunting of seals.从事猎捕海豹的人美国传统〔secret〕She let us into her secret-she was engaged.她向我们透露了她的秘密 - 她订婚了。牛津搭配〔secret〕They engaged in secret negotiations with the enemy.他们和敌人进行了秘密谈判。韦氏高阶〔serious〕He's really serious about Penny and wants to get engaged.他对彭尼的确是认真的,他想跟她订婚。牛津高阶〔smelter〕One who is engaged in the smelting industry.熔炼工:从事熔炼工业的人美国传统〔struggle〕He is engaged in a bitter struggle with his rival to get control of the company.为取得对公司的控制权,他正同对手进行一场激烈的斗争。牛津高阶〔subversive〕He was engaged in subversive activities .他参与了颠覆活动。朗文当代〔talk sb out of sth〕Her parents tried to talk her out of getting engaged.她的父母试图说服她放弃订婚的想法。剑桥高阶〔task〕I was engaged in the delicate task of clipping the dog's claws.我那时做的是修剪狗爪这种精细的工作。牛津搭配〔thing〕Engaged? Well, of all things! I never thought he'd got engaged. 订婚了?哎呀,真出乎意料!我绝对没有想到他已订婚了。 英汉大词典〔tone〕I keep getting the engaged tone.我老是听到忙音。牛津搭配〔tone〕I keep getting the engaged tone.电话占线声;电话忙音麦克米伦高阶〔tone〕I've called him several times but I keep getting the engaged tone.我已经给他打了几次电话,但每次听到的都是忙音。剑桥高阶〔tradesman〕A man engaged in retail trade.零售商:从事零售贸易的人美国传统〔tradespeople〕People engaged in retail trade.商人们:从事零售贸易的人们美国传统〔transportation〕Railroads, trucks, bus lines, and airlines are all engaged in transportation.铁路、卡车、公共汽车和航空公司都从事客货运输。英汉大词典〔unattached〕Not engaged, married, or involved in a serious sexual or romantic relationship.独身的:未订婚、未结婚的,没有参与严肃的性关系或爱情关系之中美国传统〔unprotected〕Engaged in without taking precautions against the risk of pregnancy or infection by sexually transmitted disease.未防范的:未采取针对怀孕或性传播疾病感染风险的预防措施而进行的美国传统〔vendetta〕The two sides have been engaged in a bitter private vendetta .双方有着很深的私仇。朗文当代〔visit〕On one of her regular visits home, she told her parents she was engaged.一次定期探家时,她告诉父母自己订婚了。牛津搭配〔war of words〕Rival groups have engaged in a war of words over the new law.对立集团之间围绕这项新法律展开了口水战。韦氏高阶〔war〕Animal rights activists have been engaged in an increasingly bitter war of words with many of the nation's zoos.动物权利保护者和该国多家动物园展开了越来越激烈的论战。柯林斯高阶〔whisper〕I heard a whisper that they were engaged.我听到谣言, 说他们订婚了。牛津同义词Both men were busily engaged in shaping barrel-staves. 两个男人都正忙于削桶板。译典通Edward and I are engaged. 爱德华和我订了婚。译典通Enemy planes engaged the troops as they advanced into the mountains.部队进入山区时,敌机对他们发动了进攻。剑桥国际Every time I try and ring her, she / the phone / the number is engaged ( Am usually busy ).我每次试着打电话给她时,她的电话都占线。剑桥国际He is engaged in a bitter struggle with his rival to get control of the company.他为取得公司的控制权正与对手进行艰苦的斗争。牛津商务He is engaged in scientific pursuit. 他从事科学研究。译典通He is engaged in the organization of a new club. 他正从事于组建一个新的俱乐部。译典通He is currently engaged as a consultant.他目前受聘为顾问。牛津商务He once engaged in anti-government activity. 他一度从事反政府的活动。译典通I couldn't get through—the line's engaged.我打不通电话 ── 电话占线。牛津商务I phoned earlier but you were engaged (= using your phone).我早先打过电话,但你那儿占线。牛津商务I've engaged a room at the High Point Hotel in Birmingham for you.我已为你在伯明翰的高点旅店预订了一个房间。剑桥国际If her phone's engaged, keep on trying.如果她的电话占线,继续打。剑桥国际Please indicate whether you are single, engaged, married, divorced, separated or widowed.请说明一下你是单身、已订婚、已婚、离异、分居还是丧失配偶的。剑桥国际She is now engaged in writing letters. 她现在正忙著写信。译典通She was engaged in protecting wild birds. 她致力于保护野生鸟类的工作。译典通She's part of a team of scientists who are engaged on / upon cancer research.她是一队从事癌症研究的科学家中的一员。剑桥国际Terrorist groups and the government have been engaged in a costly war of attrition since 1968.自1968年以来,恐怖主义组织与政府之间卷入了一场两败俱伤的拉锯战。剑桥国际The book engaged my full attention. 这本书把我完全吸引住了。译典通The company engaged to finish the building by May. 那家公司保证五月份造好房子。译典通The families have been engaged in a brutal vendetta which so far has claimed five lives.那些家族沉溺于野蛮的世仇,已经夺走了五条人命。剑桥国际The number is engaged. 该电话正在讲话中。译典通The programme had some interesting moments, but I wasn't really engaged by it.节目有些有趣的地方,但我并没有真正被它吸引。剑桥国际The soldiers were engaged in hand-to-hand combat.战士们正在进行肉搏战。剑桥国际They engaged a cook for the summer. 那个夏天他们雇了一个厨子。译典通They engaged a young designer to create a new corporate identity.他们聘请了一位年轻的设计师进行新的企业形象设计。牛津商务They are engaged in the supply of small parts for replacement. 他们从事提供备用小零件的工作。译典通They were engaged in argument for hours.他们在这个论点上花了好几个小时。剑桥国际They've been engaged in a legal battle with the council for several months.他们已和委员会打了几个月的法律战。剑桥国际
随便看

 

英汉汉英翻译词典包含1679246条英汉翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用英语单词及常用语的翻译及用法,是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2023 Ddxd.net All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号-12