| 单词 | 细菌 |
| 释义 | DEFINITIVE EXAMPLES 权威例句〔AMOUNT〕Penicillin has a high success rate in treating bacterial infections. 青霉素治疗细菌感染的成功率很高。朗文写作活用〔Ames test〕A test used to determine the mutagenic potential of a substance based on the mutation rate of bacteria that are exposed to the substance.埃米斯测试：一种根据曝露在物质周围的细菌的突变率来确定物质基因突变能力的测试美国传统〔BT〕A bacterium, lethal to and used to control many kinds of caterpillars that are pests of ornamental, crop, and other plants.BT菌：一种致命细菌，可用来杀死或抑制各种造成观赏植物、庄稼和其它植物虫害的毛虫美国传统〔R factor〕A genetic factor of bacteria that transmits resistance to antibiotics from one bacterium to another by conjugation.R因子：一种细菌基因因子，通过接合将对抗生素的抵抗性由一个细菌传递给另一个美国传统〔WATER〕Some of the bacteria are found in rivers, lakes, mud, and even rain water. 有些细菌可见于河流、湖泊、淤泥，甚至雨水中。朗文写作活用〔abacterial〕Not caused by bacteria.非细菌引起的美国传统〔acid-fast〕Not decolorized by acid after staining, as bacteria that retain dye after an acid rinse.耐酸的，抗酸的：染色后不被酸褪色的，如细菌经用酸漂染后仍呈原色美国传统〔actinomycin〕Any of various red, often toxic, polypeptide antibiotics obtained from soil bacteria.放线菌素：一种从土壤细菌中提取的红色的，通常是有毒的多肽抗生素美国传统〔activate〕To treat (sewage) with aeration and bacteria to aid decomposition.净化污水：运用通风及细菌对（污水）进行处理以帮助物质分解美国传统〔anaerobic〕Some bacteria are aerobic and others are anaerobic.有些细菌是需氧的，有些是厌氧的。韦氏高阶〔asparaginase〕An enzyme isolated from bacteria that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine and is used in the chemotherapeutic treatment of leukemia.天门冬醯胺酶：由细菌中分离出来的一种酶，能催化天门冬醯胺的水解，用于对白血病的化疗美国传统〔bacteremia〕The presence of bacteria in the blood.菌血症：血液中细菌的存在美国传统〔bacteria〕Chlorine is added to kill bacteria.添加了氯来杀灭细菌。外研社新世纪〔bacteria〕Neither chilling nor freezing kills all bacteria.冷藏和冷冻都不能杀死所有的细菌。牛津搭配〔bactericide〕An agent that destroys bacteria.杀菌剂：一种杀死细菌的药剂美国传统〔bacteriocin〕An antibacterial substance, such as colicin, produced by a strain of certain bacteria and harmful to another strain within the same family.杆菌素：一种抗菌物质，如大肠杆菌素，由某种细菌的菌株产生，对同一族系中另外的菌株有害美国传统〔bacterioscopy〕Microscopic examination of bacteria.细菌镜检法：细菌的显微镜检查美国传统〔bacterium〕Keep the wound clean and dry to prevent the growth of bacteria.保持伤口清洁干燥，防止细菌感染。韦氏高阶〔bacterize〕To change the composition of (something) by means of bacterial action.细菌作用：以细菌作用的方式改变某种物质的成份美国传统〔bacteroid〕Any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants.类杆细菌：一种在结构上已经改变了的细菌，如存在于豆科植物根部的根瘤菌美国传统〔billion〕Our immune systems are killing billions of germs right now.我们的免疫系统正在杀死数以十亿计的细菌。牛津高阶〔bioindicator〕This insect-bacteria bioindicator is a reliable tool for assessing environmental damage to the country's wetlands.这种昆虫－细菌生物指标是评估该国湿地环境破坏程度的可靠工具。朗文当代〔black spot〕Any of various fungal or bacterial diseases of plants, resulting in small black spots on the leaves or on other parts.黑斑病：植物真菌或细菌疾病的一种，能引起叶片或其他部分上长出小黑斑美国传统〔blackleg〕A bacterial or fungal disease of certain plants, such as the cabbage and potato, that causes the stems to turn black at the soil line.黑茎病：某些植物，如卷心菜和土豆的一种细菌或真菌疾病，引起茎干在与土接壤处变黑美国传统〔bug〕I had a bug which made me ill.我受细菌感染而得病了。牛津同义词〔canker〕A localized diseased or necrotic area on a plant part, especially on a trunk, branch, or twig of a woody plant, usually caused by fungi or bacteria.植物溃疡：植物一个部分，尤指一株木本植物的主干、枝干或小枝上局部的患病或坏死区域，通常由真菌或细菌造成美国传统〔capsule〕Microbiology A mucopolysaccharide outer shell enveloping certain bacteria.【微生物学】 囊：包裹着一定细菌的黏多糖外壳美国传统〔citrus canker〕A destructive bacterial disease of citrus plants that attacks seedlings and mature plants and causes defoliation and death.柑橘溃疡病：柑橘的破坏性细菌病害，其侵害柑橘树树苗和成树并导致落叶和死亡美国传统〔colony〕The food requires larger bacterial colonies to help break it down.这种食物需要更大的细菌菌落协助分解。外研社新世纪〔complement system〕The complement system plays an important role in human immunological defences against cancer, bacteria, and viruses.补体系统在人体对癌症、细菌和病毒的免疫防御中有重要作用。剑桥高阶〔compulsively〕John is compulsively neat and clean, he's terrified of germs.约翰有洁癖, 他很害怕细菌。外研社新世纪〔contamination〕Wash everything thoroughly to avoid contamination with bacteria.把所有东西彻底洗净，以避免细菌污染。牛津搭配〔culture〕To confirm the diagnosis, the hospital laboratory must culture a colony of bacteria.为进一步确诊，医院实验室必须培养一个细菌菌落。柯林斯高阶〔cycloserine〕An antibiotic effective against a wide range of bacteria, used especially in the treatment of tuberculosis and infections of the urinary tract.环丝氨酸：一种有效抵抗大范围细菌的抗生素，尤用于治疗结核病和尿道感染美国传统〔decay〕Bacteria cause the decay of dead plants and animals.细菌使死去的植物和动物腐烂。麦克米伦高阶〔decay〕The destruction or decomposition of organic matter as a result of bacterial or fungal action; rot.腐烂：有机物质由于细菌的活动而受到的破坏或分解；腐烂美国传统〔decompose〕The bacteria decomposed the milk into its solid and liquid elements.细菌把牛奶分解成固态和液态成分。21世纪英汉〔disinfectant〕An agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical, that disinfects by destroying, neutralizing, or inhibiting the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms.消毒剂，杀菌剂：用高温、辐射或化学药剂来杀死细菌或抑制可引发疾病的微生物的增长，从而达到消毒目的美国传统〔divide〕Bacteria reproduce by dividing.细菌是分裂生殖。外研社新世纪〔dry gangrene〕Gangrene that develops as a result of arterial obstruction and is characterized by mummification of the dead tissue and absence of bacterial decomposition.干性球疽：由于动脉阻塞而发生的坏疽，其特点为死组织干燥，无细菌引起的腐烂美国传统〔endospore〕A small asexual spore, as that formed by some bacteria.内生孢子：一种小的无性孢子，如那些由某些细菌所形成的孢子美国传统〔enterotoxin〕A toxin produced by bacteria that is specific for intestinal cells and causes the vomiting and diarrhea associated with food poisoning.肠毒素：由只限于肠结胸的细菌而产生的毒素，引起呕吐和腹泻并导致食物中毒美国传统〔environment〕A dirty environment is a breeding ground for germs.肮脏的环境是细菌的孳生地。麦克米伦高阶〔episome〕A genetic particle of certain cells, especially bacterial cells, that can exist either autonomously in the cytoplasm or as part of a chromosome.附加体，游离体：某些细胞的遗传粒子，尤其是细菌细胞， 能够自动存在于胞质中或成为染色体的一部分美国传统〔foster〕Overuse of antibiotics may foster the spread of drug-resistant bacteria.滥用抗生素可能助长抗药细菌的扩散。麦克米伦高阶〔germ warfare〕The use of injurious microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, as weapons in warfare.细菌战：有害的微生物如细菌或病毒作为战争武器的使用美国传统〔germ〕Biology A small mass of protoplasm or cells from which a new organism or one of its parts may develop.【生物学】 微生物，细菌：微小的活的物质或细胞，能发育成新的有机体或部分有机体美国传统〔germ〕They used bleach to kill any germs in the sink and drain.他们用漂白剂来杀灭水池和排水沟中的细菌。牛津搭配〔ground〕Hospitals are breeding grounds for bacteria.医院是细菌繁殖的地方。牛津搭配〔incinerate〕All the infected clothing was incinerated.所有沾染了细菌的衣服都被焚毁了。朗文当代〔infect〕They were unable to prevent bacteria from infecting the wound.他们无法阻止细菌感染伤口。韦氏高阶〔insufficient〕The heating is insufficient to kill the bacteria.加热不足以杀死这种细菌。朗文当代〔invade〕Bacteria invaded and caused an infection.细菌入侵，引起了感染。韦氏高阶〔invisible〕These bacteria are invisible unless viewed with a microscope.这些细菌只有用显微镜才能看得见。剑桥高阶〔isolate〕Microbiology A bacterial or fungal strain that has been isolated.【微生物学】 分离菌：已被分离出的一个细菌或真菌品种美国传统〔isolate〕Microbiology To separate (a pure strain) from a mixed bacterial or fungal culture.【微生物学】 使细菌分离：从混合的细菌或真菌培养中分离出（一个纯的品种）美国传统〔kill〕Food must be heated to a high temperature to kill harmful bacteria.食物必须经高温加热以杀灭有害细菌。剑桥高阶〔latch onto sth〕The antibodies work by latching onto proteins on the surfaces of the viruses and bacteria.抗体通过与病毒和细菌表面的蛋白质结合而发挥作用。剑桥高阶〔lysin〕An antibody that is capable of causing the destruction or dissolution of red blood cells, bacteria, or other cellular elements.溶素：一种能够引起红细胞、细菌或其它细胞成份的损害或溶解的抗体美国传统〔lysis〕Biochemistry The dissolution or destruction of cells, such as blood cells or bacteria, as by the action of a specific lysin.【生物化学】 溶解：通过特定溶素作用对血细胞或细菌的溶解或破坏美国传统〔mesosome〕A convoluted invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane in some bacterial cells.中间体：某些细菌细胞中细胞质膜的回旋内陷美国传统〔microorganism〕An organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size, especially a bacterium or protozoan.微生物：一个微观或亚微观的有机体，尤指一个细菌或原生动物美国传统〔moneran〕A member of the kingdom Monera (or Prokaryotae), comprising the prokaryotes and including all bacteria.原核生物：无核原生物（或原核生物）王国的一员，由原核生物组成，包括所有细菌美国传统〔multiply〕In warm weather these germs multiply rapidly.在温暖的天气里这些细菌会迅速繁殖。剑桥高阶〔mutate〕Simple organisms like bacteria mutate rapidly.像细菌那样的简单有机体突变的速度很快。朗文当代〔mycetoma〕A chronic, slowly progressing bacterial or fungal infection usually of the foot or leg, characterized by nodules that discharge an oily pus.马肚拉足肿：通常发生在脚或腿上的一种长期的慢性细菌或真菌感染，症状为患部有脓肿美国传统〔myxamoeba〕A slime mold at a stage when it is an amoebalike free-swimming cell and before it fuses to form a plasmodium.粘变形体，变形细菌：某一阶段的粘霉菌，当它是一个象变形虫自由游动的细胞和在它融合形成变形体之前美国传统〔nitrobacterium〕Any of various soil bacteria that take part in the nitrogen cycle, oxidizing ammonium compounds into nitrites or nitrites into nitrates.硝化细菌：一种参与氮环核，将氨的化合物氧化成亚硝酸盐或将亚硝酸盐氧化成硝酸盐的土壤细菌美国传统〔nitrogenase〕An enzyme of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that activates the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia.定氮酶：在固氮细菌中催化氮转化成氨的一种酶美国传统〔organic〕Bacteria act on organic waste .细菌作用于有机废物。朗文当代〔outwear〕These insects can outwear the bacteria.这些昆虫生长得比那些细菌还快。21世纪英汉〔peritrichous〕Having flagella uniformly distributed over the body surface, as certain bacteria.有周毛的：身体周围有鞭毛的，如某些细菌美国传统〔phagocytosis〕The engulfing and ingestion of bacteria or other foreign bodies by phagocytes.吞噬作用，噬菌作用：吞噬细胞对细菌或其它异物的吞食和吸收美国传统〔photophore〕A light-producing organ found especially in marine fishes that emits light from specialized structures or derives light from symbiotic luminescent bacteria.发光器官：常在海洋鱼类身上发现的一个发光器官，可以从特殊的结构中散射光或是从共生的发冷光细菌中提取光美国传统〔polytrophic〕Subsisting on various types of organic material. Used of certain bacteria.广食性的：靠各种有机物质来生存的，用于某些细菌美国传统〔pyelitis〕Acute inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney, caused by bacterial infection.肾盂炎：由细菌感染引起的肾盂的严重发炎美国传统〔pyelonephritis〕Inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis, caused by bacterial infection.肾盂肾炎：由细菌感染所引起的肾部以及相应的骨盆组织的发炎美国传统〔range〕The drug is effective against a range of bacteria.这种药对一类细菌有效。朗文当代〔regulation〕Regulations require water authorities to test sea water for bacteria.条例规定水务部门应检测海水中是否含有细菌。牛津搭配〔rubbing〕The soap and the rubbing action remove germs.肥皂和揉搓可以去除细菌。外研社新世纪〔scab〕Any of various plant diseases caused by fungi or bacteria and resulting in crustlike spots on fruit, leaves, or roots.疮痂病：真菌或细菌导致的植物病，常在果实、叶片或根上生有痂状斑点美国传统〔sicken〕The bacteria in the drinking water sickened the whole village.饮用水里的细菌使整个村庄的人都生病了。韦氏高阶〔smear〕Biology A sample, as of blood or bacterial cells, spread on a slide for microscopic examination or on the surface of a culture medium.【生物学】 涂片：涂抹在玻璃片上供显微镜观察或培养基表面上的标本，例如血细胞或细菌细胞美国传统〔specimen〕If your urine specimen shows the presence of bacteria, you'll be prescribed antibiotics.如果你的尿样显示有细菌存在，医生会给你开抗生素。柯林斯高阶〔sterilize〕To make free from live bacteria or other microorganisms.消毒，使无菌：消除活细菌或其它微生物美国传统〔superinfection〕An infection following a previous infection, especially when caused by microorganisms that have become resistant to the antibiotics used earlier.抗药性重复感染：接着上次感染的再次感染，特别是由过去使用过的产生抗药性的细菌所引起的重复感染美国传统〔symbiosis〕He examines the link between bacteria, symbiosis, and the evolution of plants and animals.他仔细观察细菌、共生现象和动植物进化之间的联系。外研社新世纪〔thing〕His dad had a thing about germs.他爸爸特别讨厌细菌。外研社新世纪〔transductant〕A bacterial cell into which genetic material has been transduced.转导体：基因材料转导后形成的细菌细胞美国传统〔visible〕They found a bacterium visible to the human eye.他们发现了一种肉眼可见的细菌。柯林斯高阶〔volutin〕A granular substance that stains easily with a basic dye and is often rich in phosphorus, found in the cytoplasm of various bacterial and fungal cells.异染质，迂回体：一种易与基本染料相染常富含磷的颗粒状物质，存在于各种细菌和真菌细胞的细胞质中美国传统A bacterium was identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer. 一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。译典通Antibodies seek out and bind with invading bacteria.抗体搜寻出侵入体内的细菌，并与之结合。剑桥国际Bacteria are too small to see with the naked eye. 细菌太小，肉眼看不见。译典通Bacteria reproduce by splitting into two. 细菌靠分裂繁殖。译典通Bacteria were found in meat processed at the plant.在这家工厂加工的肉类中发现了细菌。牛津商务Food must be heated to a high temperature to kill harmful bacteria.食物必须经高温加热杀灭有害的细菌。剑桥国际Research on insects suggests that bacteria play a vital part in animal evolution.对昆虫的研究表明，细菌在动物的演化过程中起着极为重要的作用。剑桥国际She warned that the drug is not a panacea and only kills some of the bacteria.她警告说这种药不是万灵的，它只能杀死一些细菌。剑桥国际The antibodies work by latching onto proteins on the surfaces of the viruses and bacteria.抗体缠住病毒和细菌表面的蛋白质而起作用。剑桥国际 |
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