| 单词 | 染色体 |
| 释义 | DEFINITIVE EXAMPLES 权威例句〔ARPKD〕Thirty to fifty per cent of newborns with ARPKD die at birth or shortly after.患有常染色体隐性遗传多囊肾病的新生儿有30%到50%在出生时或出生不久死亡。剑桥高阶〔SRY gene〕A gene for maleness found on the Y chromosome. It has a key role in development of the testes and determination of sex.人类性别基因： Y染色体中发现的男性基因。该基因在睾丸的发育和性别的的确定中起关键作用美国传统〔X-chromosome〕The sex chromosome associated with female characteristics, occurring paired in the female and single in the male sex-chromosome pair.x染色体：携带雌性因子的性染色体，通常在雌性性染色体对中有一对，而在雄性性染色体对中只有一个美国传统〔X-linked trait〕An inherited phenotype produced by a gene located on an X-chromosome.X链特征：由X染色体基因造成的遗传表现美国传统〔Y-chromosome〕If a Y-chromosome pairs up with an X-chromosome during fertilization, a male baby will result.如果受孕过程中一个Y染色体与一个X染色体相结合，则发育为男婴。剑桥高阶〔Y-chromosome〕The sex chromosome associated with male characteristics, occurring with one X-chromosome in the male sex-chromosome pair.Y染色体：与男性特征有关的性别染色体，与一个X染色体并存于雄性染色体配子中美国传统〔aberration〕Changes in chromosome structure are called chromosomal mutations or aberrations.染色体结构的改变称为染色体突变或畸变。英汉大词典〔aberration〕Genetics A deviation in the normal structure or number of chromosomes in an organism.【遗传学】 畸变，变形：有机体正常结构或染色体数量的变异美国传统〔acrocentric〕Having the centromere located near one end of the chromosome so that one chromosomal arm is long and the other is short.近端着丝的：着丝粒位于接近染色体一端的，因此染色体一臂长而另一臂短美国传统〔aid〕Chromosomes can be seen with the aid of a microscope.借助显微镜可以看到染色体。麦克米伦高阶〔allele〕One member of a pair or series of genes that occupy a specific position on a specific chromosome.等位基因，对偶基因：在一个特定染色体上占据特定位置的一对或一组基因中的一个美国传统〔allopolyploid〕An organism with three or more complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species.异源多倍生物体：具有从不同物种中获得三套或三套以上整套染色体的生物体美国传统〔allopolyploid〕Having three or more complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species.异源多倍性的：具有从不同物种中获得的三套或三套以上的整套染色体美国传统〔amitosis〕Direct cell division by simple cleavage of the nucleus, without spindle formation or the appearance of chromosomes.无丝分裂，直接核分裂：仅由神经核分裂直接完成的细胞分裂，而无需纺垂体的形成或染色体的出现美国传统〔amphidiploid〕An organism or individual having a diploid set of chromosomes derived from each parent.双二倍体的个体：具有从父母双亲获得的两套染色体的有机物或个体美国传统〔amphidiploid〕Having a diploid set of chromosomes derived from each parent.双二倍体的：具有从父母双亲获得的两套染色体的美国传统〔aneuploid〕A cell or an organism characterized by an aneuploid chromosome number.非整倍体：具有非整倍染色体数目的细胞或有机物美国传统〔autopolyploid〕An organism having more than two sets of chromosomes, all of which were derived from the same species.同源多倍体：有着两套以上衍生于同一种类的染色体的有机体美国传统〔autopolyploid〕Having more than two sets of chromosomes all derived from the same species.同源多倍体的：有着衍生于同一种类的两套以上染色体的美国传统〔axoneme〕The axial thread of a chromosome.染色体轴线美国传统〔bivalent〕A pair of homologous, synapsed chromosomes associated together during meiosis.二价染色体：在成熟分裂时联在一起的一对同源、联会染色体美国传统〔bivalent〕Biology Consisting of a pair of homologous, synapsed chromosomes, as occurs during meiosis; double.【生物学】 二价染色体的：由一对同源，联会染色体组成的，如在成熟分裂时出现的；双的美国传统〔centromere〕The most condensed and constricted region of a chromosome to which the spindle fiber is attached during mitosis.着丝点，着丝粒：一个染色体上最密集、压缩的区域，有丝分裂时梭形纤维附着于此美国传统〔chiasmatypy〕The meiotic twisting between paired chromatids that produces chiasmata.交叉型：产生交叉的成对染色体之间的减数分裂弯曲美国传统〔chromatin〕A complex of nucleic acids and proteins in the cell nucleus that stains readily with basic dyes and condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.染色质，核染质：细胞核中由核酸与蛋白质组成的核酸复合物，容易被基本染料染色， 在细胞分裂期会浓缩而形成染色体美国传统〔chromosome〕Each cell of our bodies contains 46 chromosomes.我们人体的每个细胞都包含46个染色体。柯林斯高阶〔chromosome〕Each cell of our bodies contains 46 chromosomes.我们身体里的每个细胞都含有46条染色体。外研社新世纪〔chromosome〕X and Y chromosomes X染色体和Y染色体剑桥高阶〔complement〕Each new cell will carry its full complement of chromosomes.每个新细胞都包含全数的染色体。朗文当代〔crossing over〕The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis and contributes to genetic variability.交换：一种发生在减数分裂期间的、有助于遗传变异的同源染色体之间的遗传物质的交换美国传统〔crossover〕A characteristic resulting from the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.交换特征：由减数分裂期内同源染色体之间的遗传物质的交换而产生的特征美国传统〔cytogenetics〕The branch of biology that deals with heredity and the cellular components, particularly chromosomes, associated with heredity.细胞遗传学：研究遗传和细胞成分的生物学分支，特别是与遗传有关的染色体美国传统〔cytotaxonomy〕The classification of organisms based on cellular structure and function, especially on the structure and number of chromosomes.细胞分类学：在细胞结构和功能基础上的，特别是在染色体的结构和数量上的微生物的分类美国传统〔deletion〕Genetics The loss, as through mutation, of one or more nucleotides from a chromosome.【遗传学】 缺失，中间缺失：由于变异等原因导致染色体中一个或多个核苷酸的缺失美国传统〔dihybrid〕The hybrid of parents that differ at only two gene loci, for which each parent is homozygous with different alleles.而性杂种：只有二对染色体遗传基因的亲体杂交，每个亲体都是不同等位基因的结合体美国传统〔diplont〕An organism having somatic cells with the diploid number of chromosomes.二倍体：体细胞内有二倍数的染色体的组织美国传统〔diplosis〕The formation during fertilization of the diploid number of chromosomes by the fusion of the nuclei of two haploid gametes.倍加作用：由两个单倍配子细胞核结合而使染色体体二倍数形成受精美国传统〔disjunction〕Genetics The separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.【遗传学】 在减数分裂过程中同源染色体的分离美国传统〔duplication〕The formation of such a duplication.染色体重复的形成美国传统〔endomitosis〕A process by which chromosomes replicate without the division of the cell nucleus.核内有丝分裂：不产生细胞核裂变的染色体复制过程美国传统〔episome〕A genetic particle of certain cells, especially bacterial cells, that can exist either autonomously in the cytoplasm or as part of a chromosome.附加体，游离体：某些细胞的遗传粒子，尤其是细菌细胞， 能够自动存在于胞质中或成为染色体的一部分美国传统〔euploid〕An organism having a euploid chromosome number.整倍体：具有整倍体染色体数的有机组织体美国传统〔extrachromosomal〕Occurring or operating outside the chromosomes.外因子控制的：由染色体外的因子所确定或控制的美国传统〔genetic map〕A graphic representation of the arrangement of genes or mutable sites on a chromosome.基因图谱：基因调整或一个染色体上的可变位点的图解描绘美国传统〔genome〕A complete haploid set of chromosomes with its associated genes.染色体组，基因组：染色体及其相关基因的一个完整的单倍体组美国传统〔genomics〕The study of all of the nucleotide sequences, including structural genes, regulatory sequences, and noncoding DNA segments, in the chromosomes of an organism.基因组：对所有核苷酸序列的研究，包括生物染色体中的结构基因、调节序列和未编码的脱氧核糖核酸节段美国传统〔haploid〕Having a single set of chromosomes.只有一对染色体的美国传统〔haploid〕Having the same number of sets of chromosomes as a germ cell or half as many as a somatic cell.单倍体的：具有和生殖细胞相同或体细胞一半对数染色体的美国传统〔haplosis〕Reduction of the diploid number of chromosomes by one half during meiosis, resulting in the haploid number.减半作用：在减数分裂过程中染色体双倍体数目的减半而导致其变成单倍体数目美国传统〔heterochromatin〕Tightly coiled chromosomal material that stains deeply during interphase and is believed to be genetically inactive.异染色质：紧紧盘绕在一起的染色体物质，在分裂期间染色，据信在基因中并不活跃美国传统〔heterochromosome〕A sex chromosome.性染色体美国传统〔heteroploid〕Having a chromosome number that is not a whole-number multiple of the haploid chromosome number for that species.异倍体的：染色体的数目不是单倍体物种的染色体的整倍数的美国传统〔heterozygous〕Having different alleles at one or more corresponding chromosomal loci.杂合的：在一个或更多的相应的染色体基因座上有不同的等位基因的美国传统〔holandric〕Relating to a trait encoded by a gene or genes located on the Y-chromosome and therefore occurring only in males.伴雄性遗传：由一个基因或几个非同种的Y染色体传递因而只在雄性中遗传的美国传统〔homogametic〕Producing gametes that contain only one type of sex chromosome.同配生殖的：产生只含有单性染色体的配子的美国传统〔homozygote〕An organism that has the same alleles at a particular gene locus on homologous chromosomes.纯合子：在同源染色体上某一特定基因座有相同等位基因的生物体美国传统〔homozygous〕Having the same alleles at a particular gene locus on homologous chromosomes.纯合的：在同源染色体上某一特定基因座有相同等位基因的美国传统〔hyperploid〕Having a chromosome number greater than but not an exact multiple of the normal euploid number.超倍的：有一个染色体数目的，此数目比正常超倍体数目大，但不是它的整倍数美国传统〔insertion〕Genetics The addition, as by mutation, of one or more nucleotides to a chromosome.【遗传学】 染色体突增：由于突变而使染色体增加一个或多个核苷酸美国传统〔inversion〕Genetics A chromosomal defect in which a segment of the chromosome breaks off and reattaches in the reverse direction.【遗传学】 倒位：一段染色体破裂并且以相反方向重新连接所形成的一种染色体缺陷美国传统〔karyotype〕A photomicrograph of chromosomes arranged according to a standard classification.染色体的显微照片，根据标准的分类法排列美国传统〔kinetochore〕Either of two submicroscopic attachment points for chromosomal microtubules, present on each centromere during the process of cell division.着丝点：染色体微管的两个亚微观连接点，在细胞分裂过程中出现在各自的着丝粒上美国传统〔linkage group〕A pair or set of genes on a chromosome that tend to be transmitted together.连锁群：同时被遗传的一对或一组同一染色体的基因美国传统〔locate〕The scientists want to locate the position of the gene on a chromosome.科学家想找到该基因在染色体上的位置。外研社新世纪〔locus〕The position that a given gene occupies on a chromosome.基因座：在一条染色体上某种给定基因所占的位置美国传统〔map〕Genetics To locate (a gene or DNA sequence) in a specific region of a chromosome in relation to known genes or DNA sequences.【遗传学】 比对：将（一个基因或DNA序列）放入与已知基因或DNA序列有关的染色体的特定区域美国传统〔metaphase plate〕An imaginary plane perpendicular to the spindle fibers of a dividing cell, along which chromosomes align during metaphase.中期板：一个与分裂细胞的纺缍体纤维组织垂直的假想平面，染色体在中期期间内在这个平面上定向排列美国传统〔metaphase〕The stage of mitosis and meiosis, following prophase and preceding anaphase, during which the chromosomes are aligned along the metaphase plate.中期：细胞核的有丝分裂和减数分裂阶段，发生于前期之后和后期之前，在此期间内染色体在中期板平面上定向排列美国传统〔microscopic〕Microscopic examination of a cell's chromosomes can reveal the sex of the fetus.利用显微镜检查细胞染色体可以看出胎儿的性别。外研社新世纪〔monosome〕A chromosome having no homologue, especially an unpaired X-chromosome.单染色体：没有同系物的饿染色体，尤指不配对X-染色体美国传统〔multivalent〕Genetics Of or relating to the association of three or more homologous chromosomes during the first division of meiosis.【遗传学】 多价的：属于在第一时期成熟分裂时三个或者更多的同源染色体的联合的、或与之有关的美国传统〔mutation〕A sudden structural change within a gene or chromosome of an organism resulting in the creation of a new character or trait not found in the parental type.突变，变种：生物体的基因或者染色体的突变，产生一种父代所没有的新的特征或者特性美国传统〔operator〕A chromosomal segment of DNA that regulates the activity of the structural genes of an operon by interacting with a specific repressor.DNA中的染色体元素：DNA中的染色体，它是通过与一特殊的约束因子相互作用而控制遗传子结构基因的行为美国传统〔pachytene〕The third stage of the prophase of meiosis during which the homologous chromosomes become short and thick and divide into four distinct chromatids.粗线期：在同周期的染色体群变短变粗并分裂为四个不同的染色单体过程中减数分裂前期的第三个阶段美国传统〔pentaploid〕A pentaploid individual.一个五倍体染色体美国传统〔pentaploid〕Having five haploid sets of chromosomes.五倍体的：有五个单倍体组成染色体的美国传统〔ploidy〕A multiple of the basic number of chromosomes in a cell.倍数性：一个细胞中染色体基本数目的倍数美国传统〔polycentric〕A polycentric chromosome.多着丝点的染色体美国传统〔polyploid〕An organism with more than two sets of chromosomes.多倍体生物：具有两套以上染色体的有机体美国传统〔polytene〕Relating to or having large, multistranded chromosomes whose corresponding chromomeres are in contact.（染色体）多线性的：关于或具有大型的多束染色体的，它与其相对应的染色体相接触美国传统〔prophage〕The latent form of a bacteriophage in which the viral genes are incorporated into the bacterial chromosomes without causing disruption of the bacterial cell.原噬菌体：抗菌体的潜在形体，在这种形体中病毒基因和细菌染色体结合，而对细菌细胞不能造成分裂美国传统〔replicate〕Chromosomes replicate before cells divide and multiply.染色体自我复制后，细胞便开始分裂、繁殖。剑桥高阶〔satellite〕Genetics A short segment of a chromosome separated from the rest by a constriction, typically associated with the formation of a nucleolus.【遗传学】 随体：由于收缩，从染色体本身分离出来的一段短的部分，与细胞的形成尤为相关美国传统〔sex factor〕A gene or chromosome that determines sex.决定性别的基因或染色体美国传统〔sex linkage〕The condition in which a gene responsible for a specific trait is located on a sex chromosome, resulting in sexually dependent inheritance of the trait.性连锁：将形成特定遗传特征的基因定位于性染色体的状况，由此产生性依赖型的遗传特征美国传统〔sex〕Sex is determined by chromosomal content.性别是由染色体的组成决定的。牛津搭配〔spindle〕Biology The spindle-shaped achromatic structure, composed of microtubules, along which the chromosomes are distributed in mitosis and meiosis.【生物学】 纺锤体：一种由丝状因子组成的纺锤形的非染色质结构，在有丝分裂及减数分裂时染色体就沿其排列美国传统〔synapsis〕The side-by-side association of homologous paternal and maternal chromosomes during the early prophase of meiosis.接合，联合：在成熟分裂的前期时父方染色体与母方同源染色体的等同的联会美国传统〔synteny〕The condition of two or more genes being located on the same chromosome whether or not there is demonstrable linkage between them.同线性：两个或多个基因，无论它们之间在遗传上是否表现为连锁，都位于同一染色体对的状态美国传统〔telocentric〕Having the centromere in a terminal position. Used of a chromosome.具端着丝粒的：在端点位置有丝粒的。用于染色体中美国传统〔telomere〕Either end of a chromosome; a terminal chromosome.端粒：染色体的任一端；末梢的染色体美国传统〔translocate〕To transfer (a chromosomal segment) to a new position; cause to undergo translocation.转移：把（一个染色体）转移到另一个新位置；使发生转移作用美国传统〔translocation〕A transfer of a chromosomal segment to a new position, especially on a nonhomologous chromosome.染色体易位：一个染色体向一个新位置的易位，尤指移向一个非同源染体美国传统〔transposition〕Genetics Transfer of a segment of DNA to a new position on the same or another chromosome, plasmid, or cell.【遗传学】 换位：把脱氧核糖核酸的一个片断转移到同一个或另外的染色体、质体或细胞上的一个新位置上美国传统〔univalent〕Genetics Of or relating to a chromosome that is not paired or united with its homologous chromosome during synapsis.【遗传学】 单价染色体的：属于或有关一种染色体的，在染色体结合过程中不与它的对等染色体配对或结合美国传统〔zygotene〕The stage in prophase of meiosis during which homologous chromosomes become paired. 偶线期：减数分裂的前期阶段，在此期间异体同型的染色体配对美国传统Chromosomes replicate (=make exact copies of themselves) before cells divide and multiply.染色体在细胞分裂繁殖前进行自我复制。剑桥国际Each gamete contains one set of chromosomes, and can join with another gamete of the opposite sex to form a zygote.每个配子含有一套染色体，可以与异性的配子结合成合子。剑桥国际It is possible to transplant chromosomes in cell nuclei. 移植细胞核内的染色体是可能的。译典通Two genes that encode eye-pigment proteins have been found on this chromosome.两个将眼色素蛋白译成密码的基因在这个染色体上发现了。剑桥国际 |
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