| 单词 | 基因 |
| 释义 | DEFINITIVE EXAMPLES 权威例句〔Ames test〕A test used to determine the mutagenic potential of a substance based on the mutation rate of bacteria that are exposed to the substance.埃米斯测试：一种根据曝露在物质周围的细菌的突变率来确定物质基因突变能力的测试美国传统〔EFFECT/AFFECT〕No one knows yet what effects genetically modified foods will have on the environment. 现在还没人知道转基因食品会对环境产生什么影响。朗文写作活用〔GM-free〕GM-free soya.非转基因大豆柯林斯高阶〔GM-free〕GM-free soya非转基因大豆外研社新世纪〔GM〕GM crops/foods/ingredients 转基因农作物/食品/成分麦克米伦高阶〔GM〕GM research 有关转基因农作物的研究麦克米伦高阶〔Mayr〕German-born American biologist best known for his research into genetic variation in new populations.麦尔，厄恩斯特：德裔美籍生物学家，因其对新人口中基因变异的研究而著称美国传统〔PURPOSE〕The function of this gene is to block the uncontrolled division of cells; it therefore prevents the development of cancer. 这种基因的作用是阻止细胞失控地分裂，从而防止癌症。朗文写作活用〔SRY gene〕A gene for maleness found on the Y chromosome. It has a key role in development of the testes and determination of sex.人类性别基因： Y染色体中发现的男性基因。该基因在睾丸的发育和性别的的确定中起关键作用美国传统〔abnormality〕Genetic abnormalities are more often associated with faults in paternal DNA than in maternal DNA.相对于母本DNA,基因畸变往往更多地与父本DNA上的缺陷相关。柯林斯高阶〔account for〕Now, the gene they discovered today doesn't account for all those cases.目前为止他们发现的基因还不能解释所有的病例。外研社新世纪〔agree〕Researchers are now agreed that the cause of the disease is genetic.研究者们一致认为这种疾病是由基因引起的。韦氏高阶〔atavism〕The reappearance of a characteristic in an organism after several generations of absence, usually caused by the chance recombination of genes.返祖现象，隔代遗传：机体特征在几代缺失后重新出现，通常由基因重组引起美国传统〔back mutation〕A reversal process whereby a gene that has undergone mutation returns to its previous state.回复突变：已经过变种的基因转回到它原来的状态的一个逆向过程美国传统〔bioprocess〕A technique that produces a biological material, such as a genetically engineered microbial strain, for commercial use.生物工艺：生产商用生物学材料的技术，如基因工程微生物菌株美国传统〔carry〕We could carry that one step further by taking the same genes and putting them into another crop.我们可以再进一步：取出相同的基因,并将它们植入另一植株。柯林斯高阶〔cast〕Human genome research is casting new light on Alzheimer's disease.人类基因组的研究使人们对阿尔茨海默病有了新的认识。麦克米伦高阶〔concordance rate〕A quantitative statistical expression for the concordance of a given genetic trait.一致率：为给定基因特征的一致性所作的数学统计表现方式美国传统〔concussion〕Nicky was rushed to hospital with concussion.尼基因脑震荡被急速送往医院。外研社新世纪〔conjugation〕The temporary union of two bacterial cells during which one cell transfers part or all of its genome to the other.两个细菌的短暂的结合，其间一个细胞的基因组会部分或全部地转移到另一个细胞中美国传统〔data〕The data derived from this project has increased our knowledge of how genes work.这个项目得出的数据加深了我们对基因作用机制的认识。牛津搭配〔epistasis〕Genetics An interaction between nonallelic genes, especially an interaction in which one gene suppresses the expression of another.【遗传学】 异位显性：非等位基因的相互作用，尤其是一个基因对另一个基因所表现的显性现象美国传统〔expression〕Genetics The act or process of expressing a gene.【遗传学】 基因显现：显现基因的行为或过程美国传统〔expressivity〕Genetics The degree to which an expressed gene produces its effects in an organism.【遗传学】 基因的表现度：描述一个组织中的一个基因产生作用的程度美国传统〔factor〕Physiology A substance that functions in a specific biochemical reaction or bodily process, such as blood coagulation.【生理学】 遗传基因：在某一特定生化反应或生理过程中起作用的物质，如血液凝固美国传统〔gene flow〕Transfer of genes from one population to another of the same species, as by migration or the dispersal of seeds and pollen.基因流动：基因从一族群向另一相同族群种源的转化，以迁徙或种子和花粉的撒播为方式美国传统〔gene pool〕The collective genetic information contained within a population of sexually reproducing organisms.基因库：一整套基因信息，包括一群有性生殖的有机物美国传统〔genetic drift〕Random fluctuations in the frequency of the appearance of a gene in a small, isolated population, presumably owing to chance rather than natural selection.遗传漂变：在一个小的、与世隔绝的种族里，基因面貌频率上的偶然波动，可能因为偶然性而不是自然选择美国传统〔genetic load〕The difference in fitness between the theoretically most fit genotype within a population and the average genotype.遗传负荷：一个群体里理论上最适合的基因型和普通基因型之间在适合性上的差异美国传统〔gene〕Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指 DNA 密码的改变。牛津搭配〔gene〕Genes control the development of an embryo.基因控制胚胎发育。牛津搭配〔gene〕We may be able to identify the genes responsible for disease resistance.我们也许能识别出抗病基因。牛津搭配〔genomics〕She is a specialist in animal genomics.她是动物基因组研究的专家。剑桥高阶〔gm〕GM foods or ‘Frankenstein foods’ as they are popularly called 转基因食品或人们常说的“弗兰肯斯坦食品”牛津高阶〔homeobox gene〕One of a group of genes with a shared nucleotide segment that are involved in the formation of bodily segmentation during embryologic development.同源框基因，同源分子基因：胚胎学发展过程中身体复杂的细胞分裂，参与体节形成的共有核苷酸节段的基因组之一美国传统〔homozygote〕An organism that has the same alleles at a particular gene locus on homologous chromosomes.纯合子：在同源染色体上某一特定基因座有相同等位基因的生物体美国传统〔homozygous〕Having the same alleles at a particular gene locus on homologous chromosomes.纯合的：在同源染色体上某一特定基因座有相同等位基因的美国传统〔hypogonadism〕Inadequate functioning of the testes or ovaries as manifested by deficiencies in gametogenesis or the secretion of gonadal hormones.性腺机能不足：睪丸或卵巢的不正常功能表现在配偶遗传基因缺陷或者生殖腺荷尔蒙的分泌上美国传统〔identify〕Scientists have identified the gene that causes abnormal growth.科学家已发现造成畸形发育的基因。朗文当代〔implication〕We believe that GM crops will have serious implications for the environment.我们相信转基因作物会给环境带来严重的影响。麦克米伦高阶〔induce〕Biochemistry To initiate or increase the production of (an enzyme or other protein) at the level of genetic transcription.【生物化学】 用人工方法引导：在基因复制的方法上，人工诱发或增加（酶或其它蛋白质）的产出量美国传统〔inheritance〕Our genetic inheritance cannot be changed.我们的基因遗传特征是无法改变的。朗文当代〔inheritance〕The sum of characteristics genetically transmitted from parents to offspring.遗传特征的统计：从父母通过基因遗传传给子女的特征总和美国传统〔interfere〕The defective gene interferes with normal body processes.缺损的基因会扰乱正常的身体变化进程。麦克米伦高阶〔introgression〕Infiltration of the genes of one species into the gene pool of another through repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parents.基因渗入：一物种的基因通过不断地与另一物种基因的亲代种间逆向杂交，而渗透进另一物种基因库的过程美国传统〔isograft〕A graft of tissue that is obtained from a donor genetically identical to the recipient.同系移植物，异体移殖：从与接受植物基因相同的供体上取下来的一个被移植的组织美国传统〔lethal gene〕A gene whose expression results in the death of the organism.致死基因：一种表现会导致有机组织死亡的基因美国传统〔locate〕The scientists want to locate the position of the gene on a chromosome.科学家们希望找出该基因在染色体中的位置。柯林斯高阶〔locate〕The scientists want to locate the position of the gene on a chromosome.科学家想找到该基因在染色体上的位置。外研社新世纪〔map〕Genetics To locate (a gene or DNA sequence) in a specific region of a chromosome in relation to known genes or DNA sequences.【遗传学】 比对：将（一个基因或DNA序列）放入与已知基因或DNA序列有关的染色体的特定区域美国传统〔map〕Scientists have succeeded in mapping the human genome.科学家已经成功地定位了人类基因组。麦克米伦高阶〔material〕The corn contains genetically modified material.这种玉米含有转基因物质。牛津搭配〔monogenic〕Of or regulated by one gene or one of a pair of allelic genes.单基因的：一个基因的或一对双基因之一的或由它调节的美国传统〔monohybrid〕The hybrid of parents that differ at only one gene locus, for which each parent is homozygous with a different allele.单因子杂种：杂交的双亲只有一个基因位置不同，对它来说，每个亲本是有一个不同的等位基因混合的美国传统〔multiple allele〕Any of a set of three or more alleles, or alternative states of a gene, only two of which can be present in a diploid organism.复等位基因：一组三个或更多基因或基因可选择状态中的任何一个，在二倍体有机体中仅有二个基因同时存在美国传统〔mutate〕The technique has been to mutate the genes by irradiation or chemicals.该技术是通过放射线照射或者使用化学方法使基因变异。柯林斯高阶〔mutation〕A sudden structural change within a gene or chromosome of an organism resulting in the creation of a new character or trait not found in the parental type.突变，变种：生物体的基因或者染色体的突变，产生一种父代所没有的新的特征或者特性美国传统〔nitrile〕An organic cyanide containing a CN group.腈：一种含有一个CN基因的有机氰化物美国传统〔open〕Research on genes should open the door to exciting new medical treatments.基因研究应该会为令人振奋的新疗法的诞生创造机会。朗文当代〔opinion〕There are conflicting opinions regarding genetically modified food.对转基因食品存在相互对立的看法。牛津搭配〔organism〕Genes operate together in determining the characteristics of an individual organism .基因协同工作来决定单个有机体的特征。朗文当代〔penetrance〕The frequency, under given environmental conditions, with which a specific genotype is expressed by those individuals that possess it.外显率（基因）：具有特定遗传基因的个体在一定环境下表现其遗传基因的概率美国传统〔permutation〕Variation among humans is limited to the possible permutations of our genes.人与人之间的差异受我们可能携有的基因序列的限制。外研社新世纪〔phosphide〕A compound of phosphorus and a more electropositive element or radical.磷化物：由磷和电正的元素或基因组成的一种化合物美国传统〔player〕She is a key/major/top player in genetics research.她是基因研究的关键/主要/首要参与者。韦氏高阶〔possible〕Is this not a possible outcome of the development of genetically modified food?这难道不是转基因食品开发可能会导致的一种结果吗？外研社新世纪〔principally〕Embryonic development seems to be controlled principally by a very small number of master genes.胚胎发育似乎主要受制于少数主导基因。柯林斯高阶〔programme〕Human beings are genetically programmed to learn certain kinds of language.人类的基因排列方式使其能够学会某些语言。麦克米伦高阶〔public opinion〕Public opinion is massively against GM crops.绝大多数公众舆论反对转基因农作物。外研社新世纪〔recessive〕A recessive allele or trait.隐性基因，隐性性状美国传统〔recombinant〕An organism or a cell in which genetic recombination has taken place.重组体：发生了基因重组的有机体或细胞美国传统〔recombinant〕Genetic material produced by gene-splicing.重组基因材料：基因分割而产生的基因材料美国传统〔regard〕Environmentalists regard GM technology with suspicion.环境论者对转基因技术持怀疑态度。剑桥高阶〔repressor〕Genetics A protein that binds to an operator, blocking transcription of an operon and the enzymes for which the operon codes.【遗传学】 阻遏物：结合在操纵基因上的一种蛋白，阻止操纵子以及操纵子的酶的转录美国传统〔reproduce〕Genes are those tiny bits of biological information swapped in sexual reproduction.基因是在有性繁殖中交换的微小生物信息。柯林斯高阶〔root〕Many diseases have their roots in the genetic make-up of the individual.许多疾病的根源在于个体的基因构成。外研社新世纪〔sequence〕The human genome has now been sequenced.人体基因组的序列现已测定。牛津高阶〔sex-linked〕Carried by a sex chromosome, especially an X chromosome. Used of genes.伴性的：由性染色体携带，尤指x染色体。用于基因美国传统〔splice〕The genes could be spliced into the DNA of bacteria.基因可被接入细菌的DNA。外研社新世纪〔splice〕To join together or insert (segments of DNA or RNA) so as to form new genetic combinations or alter a genetic structure.移接，嫁接：连接在一起或嵌入(DNA,或RNA片段）形成新的基因结合体或改变基因结构美国传统〔subject〕Genetic engineering is very much a subject for debate .基因工程是个很具争论性的话题。朗文当代〔suppressor〕A gene that suppresses the phenotypic expression of another gene, especially of a mutant gene. 抑制基因：抑制另一基因存在，尤指突变基因美国传统〔survival〕In rare cases, a mutation confers a survival advantage to the organism.在极少数情况下，基因突变会给生物带来生存优势。牛津搭配〔symposium〕The organization will be publishing a symposium on genetic research.这个机构将出版基因研究专题论文集。韦氏高阶〔tallness〕An offspring from a short and a tall parent may be medium-sized; but it carries genes for shortness and tallness.父母一高一矮, 其子女可能是中等身材, 但是会携带矮个和高个的基因。外研社新世纪〔tat〕A gene in the AIDS virus that stimulates the host cell to replicate genetic components of the virus.转移活化基因：爱滋病病毒中的一种基因，能刺激寄生细胞复制爱滋病病毒的基因成分美国传统〔telegony〕The supposed genetic influence of a previous sire on offspring of a subsequent sire from the same mother.先父遗传：一种假想的认为先前父兽基因能遗传给同一母兽同后来的父兽交配后所生的后代美国传统〔thinking〕There's been a shift in government thinking on genetically modified food.政府对转基因食品的看法有了转变。牛津搭配〔topical〕Genetic engineering is a highly topical issue at the moment.基因工程是时下备受关注的话题。麦克米伦高阶〔transgene〕A gene used in in transgenesis.转基因：用于基因转置的基因美国传统〔unifactorial〕Involving, dependent on, or controlled by a single gene.单一基因的：包含、决定于单一基因的或由单一基因控制的美国传统〔xanthic acid〕Any of various unstable acids of the form ROC(S)SH, in which R is usually an alkyl radical.黄原酸：一种ROC(S)SH形式中的不稳定酸，其中的R常为一种烷基基因美国传统Brothers and sisters are not allowed to intermarry in case their children are born with genetic defects.兄弟和姐妹是不允许通婚的，以免他们的孩子生下来就有基因缺陷。剑桥国际GM crops/food 转基因农作物／食品牛津商务Scientists are trying to find the gene responsible for the disease.科学家正试图找出引起该病发生的基因。剑桥国际The pressure group is pushing for a ban on GM foods.压力集团正强烈要求禁止转基因食品。牛津商务There is growing consumer resistance to genetically modified foods.越来越多的消费者抵制转基因食品。牛津商务These mutants lacked a vital block of genetic instructions giving them immunity to the disease.这些突变体缺少使它们对这种疾病有抵抗力的一组重要的基因指令。剑桥国际They claimed that the ban on the import and testing of GM crops is a restraint of trade.他们声称禁止进口和检验转基因作物是一种贸易管制。牛津商务You inherit (= receive from a parent) half your genes from your mother and half from your father.你遗传了你母亲的一半基因和你父亲的一半基因。剑桥国际 |
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