| 单词 | topic |
| 释义 | DEFINITIVE EXAMPLES 权威例句〔COMPLETE/NOT COMPLETE〕See chapter 6 for an in-depth discussion of this topic. 对此课题的深入讨论见第六章。朗文写作活用〔EXCITED/EXCITING〕We've chosen some fairly controversial topics to try to get the students excited. 我们选了一些较有争议的话题让学生兴奋一下。朗文写作活用〔EXPLAIN〕She took a complex topic and simplified it in a way that we could all understand. 她选了一个复杂的话题，用简单的语言讲得让我们大家都能听懂。朗文写作活用〔IN CHARGE OF〕Topics may be selected by the chairperson at the beginning of the meeting. 议题将由主席在会议开始时挑选。朗文写作活用〔Logos〕Among the Sophists, the topics of rational argument or the arguments themselves.诡辩家中理性论争的题目或论争本身美国传统〔SITUATION〕The climate of opinion on the sensitive topic of euthanasia is changing gradually. 在安乐死这个敏感话题上舆论趋向渐渐在改变。朗文写作活用〔SUBJECT〕Dole's absence was the topic of radio talk shows. 多尔的缺席是电台谈话节目的主题。朗文写作活用〔SUBJECT〕The rise of Islam is a popular topic these days. 伊斯兰教的兴起是当今的流行话题。朗文写作活用〔SUBJECT〕Type the topic into the search field, and let the browser search all relevant sites. 在搜索栏内键入主题，让浏览器搜索所有相关网站。朗文写作活用〔TALK〕Baker's resignation became a hot topic of conversation around the office. 贝克的辞职成了办公室里的热门话题。朗文写作活用〔VARIOUS/OF DIFFERENT KINDS〕Atkins is extremely well educated and able to talk on a broad range of topics. 阿特金斯受过非常良好的教育，能谈论各种话题。朗文写作活用〔absorbing〕These topics may be of absorbing interest to almost anyone.这些题目几乎对任何人都是极为有趣的。英汉大词典〔accessibility〕Seminar topics are chosen for their accessibility to a general audience.研讨会的题目是根据普通公众是否易于理解而选定的。外研社新世纪〔advert〕He adverted to a topic mentioned earlier by another speaker.他提及先前另一位讲演人提到过的论题。英汉大词典〔approachable〕The topic is complex but the book itself is very approachable.题目难懂，但这书本身非常通俗。韦氏高阶〔assign〕When I taught, I would assign a topic to children which they would write about.我教课时会给孩子们布置一个题目，让他们就这个题目写点东西。柯林斯高阶〔authority〕He spoke with authority on the topic.他就这个课题发表权威意见。牛津高阶〔back number〕Once she was a hot topic in all the celebrity magazines, but now she's very much a back number.她一度是所有名人杂志的热门话题, 但现在已经过气。外研社新世纪〔build around〕The textbook builds lessons around grammar topics.这本教科书按照语法主题编排课程。韦氏高阶〔buzz〕Sex education in schools was the buzz topic.学校里的性教育是一个热门话题。外研社新世纪〔call〕It's a hot topic, and people have been calling in all morning.这是个热门话题，整个上午都不断有人打来电话。麦克米伦高阶〔cast〕Casting around for a safe topic, she made a comment about the weather.她试图找到一个稳妥的话题，便谈论起天气来。麦克米伦高阶〔cast〕She cast around desperately for a safe topic of conversation.她绞尽脑汁寻找稳妥的话题。牛津高阶〔cent〕He's always ready to offer his two cents on any topic, whether he knows anything about it or not.不管懂还是不懂，他对任何事都要发表看法。韦氏高阶〔come back to〕We'll come back to that topic later.我们稍后再回到那个话题。外研社新世纪〔come〕The War will remain a heated topic of debate for some time to come.这场战争在未来的一段时间内仍将是人们热议的话题。柯林斯高阶〔compassion〕Lieberman explores this sensitive topic with compassion.利伯曼满怀同情地探讨了这个敏感的话题。朗文当代〔complete〕A very complete index provides easy reference to topics in the book.非常完整的索引使得读者很容易查阅该书中讨论的主题。牛津搭配〔conversation〕He tried to steer the conversation away from the topic of money.谈话中他尽力避开钱这个话题。牛津搭配〔conversation〕He's so boring – his only topic of conversation is football.他真烦人，他唯一的话题就是足球。麦克米伦高阶〔conversation〕The topic came up in conversation.这个话题是在交谈中提到的。韦氏高阶〔conversation〕The main topic of conversation was the likely outcome of the election.谈话的主题是选举可能产生的结果。牛津高阶〔cover〕The Oxford Chemistry Primers aim to cover important topics in organic chemistry.《牛津化学初级读本》丛书旨在论述有机化学中的重要问题。柯林斯高阶〔critique〕A critical discussion of a specified topic.批评，评语：对一指定主题的批判性讨论美国传统〔curiosa〕Books or other writings dealing with unusual, especially pornographic, topics.奇书，黄色书刊：关于不寻常主题的书或其他文件，尤指黄色书刊或主题美国传统〔deal〕This topic is dealt with at greater length in the following chapter.这个论题在下一章会进行更详细的论述。牛津搭配〔debate〕Nuclear power has always been a topic that has sparked off considerable debate .核能一直是引起相当多争议的话题。朗文当代〔debate〕What topics are under debate in Congress this week? 本周国会讨论的是什么议题？朗文当代〔definite〕They have very definite views on this topic.在这个议题上, 他们有明确的见解。外研社新世纪〔desultorily〕Talk drifted desultorily from one topic to another.漫无目的地东拉西扯。韦氏高阶〔detour〕The conversation took a detour onto another topic.谈话暂时转到了另一个话题。韦氏高阶〔disagree〕Few would disagree that students learn best when they are interested in the topic.学生对自己感兴趣的题目学得最好，这一点几乎所有人都不会有异议。牛津高阶〔discourse〕He discoursed on his pet topic.他谈他得意的话题。牛津同义词〔discussion〕The smoking ban is a major topic of discussion these days.禁烟令是这些天来人们讨论的主要话题。韦氏高阶〔discuss〕This topic will be discussed at greater length in the next chapter.这个题目将在下一章里详细论述。牛津高阶〔discuss〕This topic will be discussed in Chapter 4.这一题目将在第四章里作详述。朗文当代〔diverge into (或to)〕You are diverging to another topic.你扯到另一个话题上去了。21世纪英汉〔drift〕The conversation drifted from topic to topic.交谈漫无边际地从一个话题转到另一个话题。韦氏高阶〔drift〕The conversation drifted from one topic to another.谈话不知不觉地从一个话题转到另一个话题。朗文当代〔drift〕The conversation drifted from one topic to another.谈话漫无边际地从一个话题转到另一个。英汉大词典〔dullness〕I couldn't get past the dullness of the book's topic.这本书主题枯燥乏味，我实在无法消受。韦氏高阶〔easily〕They talked amiably and easily about a range of topics.他们友好而随意地谈论各种话题。外研社新世纪〔easy〕They talked amiably and easily about a range of topics.他们友好而随意地谈论各种话题。柯林斯高阶〔examine〕This topic will be discussed at greater length in the next chapter.这个主题将在下一章里详细论述。牛津高阶〔excursus〕A lengthy, appended exposition of a topic or point.附录：某一主题或观点的冗长的，附加的陈述美国传统〔exhaust〕They exhausted that topic of conversation.他们把和那个话题有关的内容谈了个遍。外研社新世纪〔explore〕They then choose a specific topic they wish to explore further.然后他们选了一个希望继续探讨的具体话题。外研社新世纪〔expound〕The professor was expounding on a favorite topic.教授正在对一个令人喜欢的话题详加陈述美国传统〔expound〕The teacher expounded the topic to the class.教师向全班讲解这一论题。英汉大词典〔focus〕We will focus upon three main topics.我们将集中讨论3个主题。麦克米伦高阶〔forbidden〕Sex was always a forbidden topic.性在过去一直是个被禁止谈论的话题。朗文当代〔forbid〕Lack of space forbids further treatmen t of the topic here.由于篇幅所限，这里不能深入阐述这个问题。牛津高阶〔fugitive〕Having to do with topics of temporary interest; ephemeral.与暂时利益有关的；转瞬即逝的美国传统〔general〕These courses are based around topics of general interest .这些课程的内容是大家普遍感兴趣的话题。朗文当代〔get back〕Let's get back to the topic we were discussing yesterday.让我们回到昨天讨论的话题吧。韦氏高阶〔given〕Candidates will have to give a presentation on a given topic.候选人必须就指定话题阐明自己的看法。朗文当代〔give〕Students are given the freedom to choose their own topics.学生有选择课题的自主权。朗文当代〔group〕The topics have been grouped into broad categories.题目被分成了几大类。麦克米伦高阶〔hard news〕News, as in a newspaper or television report, that deals with formal or serious topics and events.严肃新闻：如在报纸或电视报告中的涉及正式或严肃的论题和事件的新闻美国传统〔hobbyhorse〕A topic with which one is obsessed; a fixation.反复爱讲的话题；固结，依恋美国传统〔hot〕His decision has been a hot topic of conversation.他的决定已经成为了热议话题。韦氏高阶〔hot〕Pollution is currently a hot topic in America.当前污染在美国是一个热门话题。外研社新世纪〔hot〕Tax cuts have become a hot topic in this election campaign.减税成了这次总统竞选的热门话题。麦克米伦高阶〔immerge〕There is no need to immerge further into this topic.没必要再深钻这个题目了。21世纪英汉〔impermissible〕There are certain topics of conversation that are impermissible in polite society.有一些话题在上流社会中属于禁区。剑桥高阶〔in any way, shape, or form〕That is not in any way, shape, or form an acceptable or appropriate topic for class discussion.无论怎么讲，那绝对不是一个可以或适合在课堂上讨论的话题。韦氏高阶〔in the light of〕It's a particularly important topic in light of recent events.由于最近发生的几件事，这个话题变得尤为重要。韦氏高阶〔interesting〕Some topics appeared interesting enough to require more detailed information.有些话题似乎还算有趣，值得去了解一下更详细的内容。牛津搭配〔introduce〕The main topics are introduced in the first chapter.主要论题在第一章做了介绍。韦氏高阶〔jump from〕She jumped from topic to topic.她不停地从一个话题跳转到另一个话题。外研社新世纪〔jump〕Cathy kept jumping from one topic to another.凯茜老是从一个话题突然转到另一个话题。朗文当代〔jump〕He jumps from one topic to another. I can't make out what he is driving at.他从一个话题跳到另一个话题，我不知道他究竟想说明什么。21世纪英汉〔jump〕I couldn't follow the talk because he kept jumping about from one topic to another.我听不明白他的讲话，因为他老是转换话题。牛津高阶〔jump〕They jumped from one topic to the next.他们从一个话题跳到了下一个话题。外研社新世纪〔keep off〕We'd better keep off the sensitive topic.我们最好避开这个敏感的话题。21世纪英汉〔kindred〕I recall many discussions with her on these and kindred topics.我回想起和她多次讨论过这些内容以及类似话题。外研社新世纪〔kindred〕I recall many discussions with her on these and kindred topics.我回想起多次同她就这些问题及类似话题进行的讨论。柯林斯高阶〔knowledgeable〕She spoke knowledgeably on several topics.她就几个话题讲得头头是道。韦氏高阶〔lead〕This argument leads us away from the topic.这场辩论使我们离开了话题。英汉大词典〔lecture〕In his lecture Riemann covered an enormous variety of topics.里曼的演讲涵盖了各种各样的主题。柯林斯高阶〔lecture〕In his lecture Riemann covered an enormous variety of topics.里曼的演说涵盖了各种各样的话题。外研社新世纪〔lend〕The topic lends itself to class discussion.这个题目适合于课堂讨论。英汉大词典〔limit〕Discussion of these topics remains off limits.这些话题依然不允许进行讨论。麦克米伦高阶〔log〕He maintains two weblogs on economic topics.他维护着两个经济专题的博客。牛津搭配〔lug〕She lugged the topic in.她硬把那话题扯进来。文馨英汉〔meeting〕We hold public meetings on this topic.我们就这一主题召开公开集会。牛津搭配〔memorandum〕Memoranda on this topic were regularly sent to all offices.关于此问题的备忘录定期送往所有办公室。牛津搭配〔methodological〕Teaching methodologies vary according to the topic.题目不同，教学法也不一样。柯林斯高阶〔missing〕The study of housework as work is a topic entirely missing from sociology.把家务劳动作为工作来研究是社会学中完全未触及过的一个课题。牛津搭配〔miss〕This chapter deals with the topics the author missed in a previous chapter.这一章讨论作者在前一章略过的那些题目。英汉大词典〔moment〕They interview personalities on a topic of the moment.他们就热门话题作人物采访。朗文当代〔moot〕The idea has been mooted in Congress, and it should be a topic of discussion for some time.这个观点已经在国会提出了，它在一段时间内应该成为讨论的话题。韦氏高阶〔open〕It's important to keep an open mind as you study the topic.研究这个题目时，不抱成见是很重要的。朗文当代〔pamphlet〕A short essay or treatise, usually on a current topic, published without a binding.活页文选：小短文或专题论文，常关于一个流行的题目，出版时未经装订美国传统〔paragraph〕Write a paragraph on each of the topics given below.就下面所列主题各写一个段落。牛津高阶〔particular〕Are there any particular topics that you would like me to explain further? 你还有哪些特别的主题希望我进一步解释的？麦克米伦高阶〔plenitude〕She has gathered a plenitude of information on the topic.她收集了与那个题目相关的大量信息。韦氏高阶〔preempt〕Discussion of the water shortage will preempt the other topics on this week's agenda.在这星期日程表上关于用水短缺的讨论将优先于其它议题美国传统〔preoccupy〕The topic preoccupied me (或my mind) all week.整整一个星期我心中老是想着这个问题。英汉大词典〔privilege〕Part Four deals briefly with such topics as the privilege of freedom from arrest.第四部分简要讲述了免于逮捕的豁免权等话题。外研社新世纪〔project〕Students must also complete a project on a topic of their own choice.学生们还必须完成一项自选题目的作业。麦克米伦高阶〔qualify〕His background qualifies him well to discuss the topic.他的知识背景使他有充分资格讨论这一话题。外研社新世纪〔range〕The conversation had ranged over a variety of topics, from sport to current affairs.谈话内容广泛，从体育运动到时事都有所涉及。朗文当代〔range〕Their conversation ranged over two topics.他们的交谈涉及两个话题。21世纪英汉〔range〕We'll be covering a range of topics in this class.在这门课里我们将涉及一系列话题。韦氏高阶〔reference〕The book references many other authors who have written on this topic.书中提到了许多在这一领域有所著述的作者。韦氏高阶〔relevant〕The professor has given the students a list of articles pertinent to the topic under discussion.教授已经给了学生们与讨论主题相关的文章名单。美国传统〔return〕He returns to this topic later in the report.他在报告中后来又提到这个话题。牛津高阶〔revert〕After having talked about some household affairs for a long while, we reverted to the original topic.谈了半天家庭琐事以后，我们又回到原来的话题上。21世纪英汉〔revolve around〕The discussion revolved around three topics.讨论围绕三个话题展开。外研社新世纪〔scientism〕The application of quasi-scientific techniques or justifications to unsuitable subjects or topics.唯科学主义：准科学技术或理由被用于不合适的主题或题目美国传统〔scroll through〕Scroll through the list for the relevant topic.在清单上滚动查找相关主题。外研社新世纪〔scrupulous〕Hillsden scrupulously avoided any topic likely to arouse suspicion as to his motives.希尔斯登缄口不提任何可能使人们对他的动机产生怀疑的话题。柯林斯高阶〔season〕This topic will doubtless be debated throughout the election season.这个话题毫无疑问将会在整个大选期间加以辩论。麦克米伦高阶〔shift〕The focus of the debate quickly shifted to more controversial topics.辩论的焦点很快就转向了更有争议的话题。韦氏高阶〔skip〕It's difficult to have a conversation with her because she skips from one topic to another.和她谈话很困难，因为她总是随意变换话题。朗文当代〔skip〕She kept skipping from one topic of conversation to another.她一再转换谈话的话题。牛津高阶〔some〕I have discussed this topic in some detail.我已经相当详细地探讨了这个话题。外研社新世纪〔some〕I have discussed this topic in some detail.我已经较为详细地探讨了这个话题。柯林斯高阶〔spacious〕The topic is a spacious one, opening into many fields.这个题目的范围很广,涉及许多领域。英汉大词典〔span〕Her academic interests span a wide variety of topics.她的学术兴趣广泛。韦氏高阶〔speak-out〕A gathering at which people relate their experiences or opinions about a specified topic or concern.意见陈述聚会，可以畅所欲言的场合：人们就某个特定议题或重要事件谈论自身经验或表达自己意见的聚会美国传统〔stamp on〕The tone of her voice was designed to stamp on this topic of conversation once and for all.她故意用那样的语气说话，就是想彻底结束这个话题。柯林斯高阶〔steer〕I'd like to steer our discussion back to our original topic.我想请大家重新回到我们原来讨论的话题。剑桥高阶〔stick to〕Please stick to the topic.请紧扣主题。外研社新世纪〔stick〕Their conversation stuck to one topic.他们的谈话固定于一个题目。文馨英汉〔structure〕The exhibition is structured around three topics.展览是围绕三个主题精心安排的。朗文当代〔structure〕The teaching is structured around three topics.教学围绕 3 个话题组织展开。牛津搭配〔subtlety〕They had obviously been hoping to approach the topic with more subtlety.他们显然一直希望能更巧妙地切入这一话题。外研社新世纪〔subtlety〕They had obviously been hoping to approach the topic with more subtlety.他们显然一直希望能更巧妙地切入这一话题。柯林斯高阶〔subtopic〕One of the divisions into which a main topic may be divided.副题：主题被分成的几个部分之一美国传统〔supervisor〕I have a meeting with my supervisor about my research topic.我要就研究课题同导师见一次面。牛津高阶〔survey course〕An academic course consisting of an overview of a broad topic or field of knowledge.概况课程：一门学术课程，包括对一广泛课题或知识领域的概览美国传统〔symposium〕A collection of writings on a particular topic, as in a magazine.专题论文，专题论文集：就某一专题撰写的文章的合集，如某杂志的美国传统〔taboo〕Sex is considered taboo as a topic for discussion.性被视为讨论中忌讳的话题。牛津搭配〔taboo〕The topic of addiction remains something of a taboo.毒瘾仍然是个有些忌讳的话题。柯林斯高阶〔tangent〕Let's stay with the topic and not go off at a tangent.我们还是继续这个话题，不要离题吧。朗文当代〔teach〕The topic is not taught in degree courses.学位课程不讲授这个课题。柯林斯高阶〔tender〕Sex is a very tender topic [subject] with many people.对许多人来说，性是个非常敏感的话题。文馨英汉〔term paper〕A lengthy piece of written work required of a student on a topic drawn from the subject matter of a course of study.学期论文：要求学生写的从一门课程选出一个主题而写的有一定长度的论文美国传统〔text〕A subject; a topic.题目，话题美国传统〔thinking〕This topic requires a lot of deep thinking.这个课题需要进行大量的深刻思考。牛津搭配〔through〕I'm not through yet. I have one more topic to discuss.我还没完，我还有另一个题目要讨论。韦氏高阶〔tooth〕Choose an essay topic that you can really get your teeth into.选择一个你可以真正悉心钻研的论文题目。牛津高阶〔topical〕Of, arranged by, or relating to a particular topic or topics.主题的；话题的：主题的；按照主题进行安排的；与某主题有关的美国传统〔topic〕He is comfortable discussing a wide range of topics.他讨论多种话题时都感到轻松自如。韦氏高阶〔topic〕His main topic of conversation is football.他谈话的主题是足球。牛津搭配〔topic〕In the next chapter the writer focuses on the topic of adoption.在下一章作者着重讨论收养这个问题。牛津搭配〔topic〕Let's get back on topic.我们回到正题上来吧。牛津高阶〔topic〕Mr Graham will speak on the topic of dogs.格雷厄姆先生将谈一谈狗的问题。牛津搭配〔topic〕Pensions are a hot topic at the moment.退休金是目前的一个热门话题。牛津搭配〔topic〕She spoke on the broad topic of 'discipline'.她谈了“纪律”这个大题目。牛津搭配〔topic〕She was an excellent speaker, but I found her choice of topic strange.她是个优秀的演讲者，但我发现她的选题比较奇怪。牛津搭配〔topic〕The topic for discussion today is ‘The Health of the Nation'.今天讨论的主题是“国民健康”。麦克米伦高阶〔topic〕The November nuptials instantly became Topic A throughout the country.定于11月份举行的婚礼立即成了全国谈论的头号话题。英汉大词典〔topic〕The article covered a wide range of topics.这篇文章讨论了一系列广泛的论题。牛津高阶〔topic〕The essay can be on any topic.文章主题不限。外研社新世纪〔topic〕The main topic for discussion will be the proposed new supermarket.讨论的主要议题是拟建中的超级市场。朗文当代〔topic〕The main topic of conversation was Tom's new girlfriend.交谈的主要话题是汤姆的新女友。牛津高阶〔topic〕The new boss has been the main topic of conversation.这位新老板已经成了谈论的主要话题。韦氏高阶〔topic〕The weather is a constant topic of conversation in Britain.在英国, 天气是一个永恒的话题。外研社新世纪〔topic〕The wedding has been the only topic of conversation for weeks.这场婚礼是几个星期中谈论的唯一话题。朗文当代〔topic〕There will be workshops on four main topic areas.将有针对四大议题领域的研讨会。牛津搭配〔topic〕They offer tips on topics such as home safety.他们就家居安全等问题提供建议。柯林斯高阶〔topic〕We discussed topics ranging from foreign policy to economics.我们讨论了从外交政策到经济学等多个主题。牛津搭配〔topic〕We shall return to the topic of education in Chapter 7.我们将在第七章再回到教育这个话题。朗文当代〔touch〕No one touched on this topic.没人谈及这个话题。21世纪英汉〔touch〕Their long conversation touched upon a multitude of topics.他们在长时间的谈话中谈到了众多问题。英汉大词典〔touch〕They touched many topics in the meeting.在会上他们谈到了许多话题。21世纪英汉〔touch〕We touched many topics in our talk.我们在会谈中触及许多问题。英汉大词典〔transparent〕He made transparent excuses to avoid the topic of politics.他明显使用借口来避免谈论政治话题。英汉大词典〔trend〕Click here for a list of trending topics.点击这里可以看到热门主题的名单。剑桥高阶〔turn aside〕Our discussion turned aside from the main topic later.后来，我们的讨论离题了。21世纪英汉〔understandable〕The author makes complex topics understandable by using simple words and examples.通过使用简单的词语和例子，作者把复杂的话题表述得浅显易懂。牛津搭配〔well chosen〕These debates have been successful, mostly because of well-chosen speakers and lively topics.这些辩论之所以成为了一个成功的系列，主要是因为辩论发言人是经过精挑细选的，而且辩论话题生动有趣。剑桥高阶〔would〕She would have liked to ask questions, but he had moved on to another topic.她本想问问题，但他又继续谈另一个话题去了。柯林斯高阶And now, to change the subject, I'd like to come on to the rather sensitive topic of personal hygiene.现在，换一个话题，我想接着谈谈个人卫生这个颇敏感的问题。剑桥国际He writes with a great command of detail on the most recherché topics.他用大量细节描写经精心挑选的话题。剑桥国际His weekly column has covered such torrid topics as rape, child molestation, drug abuse and serial killers.他每周一期的专栏涵盖了令人发指的恶行的话题，如强奸、儿童性猥亵、吸毒以及系列凶杀。剑桥国际I'd like to steer our discussion back to our original topic.我想将我们的讨论引回原题。剑桥国际John shuffled the question off and changed the topic. 约翰避开这个问题，换了个话题。译典通Let me enlarge on the topic. 让我进一步说明一下这个题目。译典通Our discussion ranged over various topics, such as acid rain and the hole in the ozone layer.我们的讨论涉及各方面的话题，例如酸雨，臭氧层窟窿。剑桥国际Please do not diverge from the original topic. 请不要离题。译典通The topic has been studied by many investigators. 这个课题已经被很多研究者探索过。译典通The conference will cover a broad spread of topics.这一会议将涉及各种各样的议题。牛津商务The origin of the universe is an ageless topic. 关于宇宙的起源的问题是个永恒的论题。译典通These debates have made a successful series, mostly because of well-chosen speakers and lively topics.这些辩论形成了一个成功的系列，主要是因为其精心挑选的讲演者与生动活泼的话题。剑桥国际They did not touch this topic in their talk. 他们在会谈中没有触及这个问题。译典通We have common topics to talk about. 我们有共同的话题可谈。译典通 |
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英汉汉英翻译词典包含1679246条英汉翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语单词及常用语的翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。